Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences

The quality of life and the sociocultural, economic and health characteristics of the elderly living in the amazon region

2019-07-17T08:35:45+00:00

WHOQOL-Bref is widely used to assess quality of life. The present study estimated the prevalence of elderly people with low quality of life and the association of socio-cultural, economic and health variables. The elderly were classified as low (< 60 points) or regular/good (> 60 points). The elderly (1431) were investigated, most of the elderly were married, with low schooling, with own income and lived with their spouse or other relatives. A large part (20.8%) reported having performed some habitual physical activity, (24.7%) smoked and (7.1%) ingested high amounts of alcohol. The mean WHOQOL-Bref score was 87.9 ± 11.6 points, with 6.1% having poor quality of life and 93.9% regular/good. There was a high number of elderly people with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and stroke in the low quality of life group. Also, it showed a high frequency in the elderly who reported very poor/poor vision, hearing and the prevalence of hospitalizations. The results suggested that the quality of life standards assessed by the WHOQOL-Bref are similar to the Southern Brazilian regions and the cut-off point used here was reliable for detecting poor quality of life associated with chronic morbidities.

Maternal exposure of triclosan cause intrauterine development restriction, delay in puberty installation and deregulation of testicular function in rat offspring

2019-07-17T08:35:45+00:00

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal exposure to triclosan (TCS), during gestation and lactation on physical development, puberty installation and testicular function of male offspring in puberty and sexual maturity. Sixteen pregnant Wistar rats were used and divided into four experimental groups: GI- they received corn oil daily by gavage; GII- they received 75 mg kg^-1 day^-1 of TCS; GIII- they received 150 mg kg^-1 day^-1 of TCS and GIV- they received 300 mg kg^-1 day^-1 of TCS during pregnancy and lactation. The mean weight of the treated rat’s offspring was lower in comparison to GI group. In the exposed offspring. A delay in puberty installation was observed following the exposure to triclosan. Regarding to the stages of the seminiferous epithelium in puberty, it was noticed an increase of the I-VI stages in GIV group, compared with to GI. In sexual maturity, it was observed an increase of VII-VIII, IX-XIII in contrast to a reduction of XIV stage in treated animals, comparing to GI. There was no difference in the number of Sertoli cells. We conclude that the maternal exposure to TCS during gestation and lactation causes restriction of the intrauterine development, delay in the puberty installation and deregulation in the seminiferous epithelium cycle.

Production of fibrinogenolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes by a strain of Penicillium sp. isolated from contaminated soil with industrial effluent

2019-07-17T08:35:45+00:00

Cardiovascular diseases associated with thrombosis are one of the main causes of death all around the world. Urokinase, streptokinase, and tissue plasminogen activator are the major thrombolytic agents used to treat thrombosis. However, the fact that these agents have several side effects and high prices has driven the search for safer and more economically viable compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of fungi isolated from industrial effluents to produce fibrino(geno)lytic enzymes. The selection of the protease-producing strains showed that only the BF20 strain was able to produce proteolytic halos in milk agar. This strain identified as belonging to the genus Penicillium was cultivated in submerged fermentation. Different media composition were tested to evaluate proteolytic activity, and the results showed that the medium containing 0.1% yeast extract and 1% skim milk, pH 5.0, present higher azocaseinolytic activity (0.24 U mL^-1 min.^-1). This sample also showed the ability to degrade fibrinogen and fibrin after 15 and 120 min. of incubation, respectively. These results indicate that the BF20 strain has a thrombolytic potential, effectively degrading fibrinogen and fibrin, having great application in the health area.

Early childhood education professionals’ knowledge about prevention, detection and treatment of acute respiratory infections in children

2019-10-17T14:07:55+00:00

The present study aimed to identify and compare knowledge and practices of early childhood education professionals from three public nursery schools (A, B and C) in the city of Florianópolis/SC relative to prevention, early detection and handling of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children aged between zero and six years old. A total of 120 educators answered a questionnaire. The instrument was composed of 15 close- and open-ended questions, five of which were scored. In statistical analyses, the Anova One-Way test revealed no significant differences for knowledge between professionals from the three institutions, with nursery school B having the highest mean score (6.12 ± 0.8), showing fair knowledge about child care. Overall results point to existing gaps concerning the need for guidance on these aspects of a child’s health.

Mortality and years of life lost to suicide in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 2000-2015

2019-10-17T14:07:45+00:00

Analyze the epidemiological profile of and years of life lost to suicide in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, from 2000 to 2015. This is an ecological study in which data on death were sourced from the Mortality Information System. Years of Potential Life Lost were calculated over the historical series. A total of 2,266 deaths by suicide were analyzed, identified during the period, with the most frequent cases being those occurring at home, by hanging, among men, black people, single people and the elderly. More Years of Potential Life Lost were counted in the economically active age group (30-39 years old). Thus, recognizing the epidemiological characteristics of suicide in Rio Grande do Norte may guide more effective actions and strategies targeting risk populations and reinforces the need for further studies focusing on regions with the highest rates in the state. Moreover, mental health care must be adapted to age and gender, besides approaching social support needs and feeling of belonging.

Benfotiamine reduces oxidative damage in muscle of endurance-trained mouse.

2019-10-17T14:07:38+00:00

High levels of reactive oxygen species can trigger an imbalance in redox status, which generates oxidative damage in macromolecules. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of oral supplementation with benfotiamine on oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in muscle of trained mice. Twenty-five male Balb/c mice were placed in groups. Sta-Sed: standard diet and sedentary (n = 6); Ben-Sed: benfotiamine supplemented and sedentary (n = 6); Sta-Tr: standard diet and trained (n = 6); and Ben-Tr: benfotiamine supplemented and trained (n = 7). Standard diet was AIN-93 growth and supplemented diet was AIN-93 with benfotiamine (500 mg kg^-1). Trained mice were submitted to 6-weeks of endurance swimming training. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), non-protein thiols, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase activities (SOD) were analyzed in the gastrocnemius muscle. TBARS concentration was lower in the Ben-Tr group than in Ben-Sed and Sta-Tr groups. Thiol levels were higher in the Ben-Sed group than in the non-supplemented groups. CAT activity was more pronounced in both supplemented groups while SOD activity was higher in the Ben-Tr group than in the non-supplemented groups. The results show that benfotiamine supplementation is effective in enhancing antioxidant defenses and reducing oxidative damage in muscle of endurance-trained mouse.

Numerical simulation of blood fluid in hemodialysis catheters and its thrombogenic potential

2019-10-17T14:07:41+00:00

Purpose: To numerically simulate blood flow within central venous catheters of hemodialysis and its thrombogenic potential. Methods: Numerical simulation research performed through the dynamic computational program of fluids. A three-dimensional geometry of right and left internal jugular veins were built, taken from the Visible Human Project^®. Catheters with obstructed and unobstructed lateral holes were constructed. For the simulation, we considered the duration of the cardiac cycle of 0.8 s with pulsatile cycle of 75 beats per minute. Results: Shear stress, velocity and pressure increased when the catheter was within the vein and when they were obstructed. At the venous orifice of the catheter that was unobstructed, the velocity increased from 0.99±0.02m/s to 1.79±0.009 m/s and the pressure from 1487±0.8Pa to 3215±0.7Pa. Blood re-circulation areas have created areas of stagnation of blood flow, making it more susceptible to the development of venous thrombi. Conclusion: This study may contribute to the expansion of multiprofessional partnerships between health professionals and Bioengineering fields in order to research health problems that can be verified through advanced technologies. Such technologies, such as simulation programs, detail possible adverse events based on scientific evidence that often happen silently in patients

Effects of strength training with continuous or intermittent blood flow restriction on the hypertrophy, muscular strength and endurance of men

2019-07-17T08:35:45+00:00

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of strength training (ST) with continuous or intermittent blood flow restriction (BFR) on the muscle hypertrophy (MH), dynamic muscle strength (DMS), isometric muscle strength (IMS) and localized muscular endurance (LME) of healthy men. Twenty-five men with experience in ST were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: a) 4 low-load exercises at 20% of the one-repetition maximum (1RM) combined with continuous BFR (LL+CBFR), b) 4 low-load exercises at 20% of 1RM combined with intermittent BFR (LL+IBFR); and c) 4 low-load exercises at 20% of 1RM without BFR (LL). Twelve sessions of ST were performed (twice a week for 6 weeks). There were no differences between groups for all variables (p > 0.05). However, there were significant differences in time for the LME in the triceps pulley only in the LL+CBFR group (p < 0.001) and in the biceps pulley in the groups LL+CBFR, LL+IBFR and LL (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.032), respectively, with large magnitudes only for the two forms of the BFR. It can be concluded that continuous or intermittent BFR seems to be a good alternative for the increase of the LME of the upper limbs in single-joint exercises.

Positional relationship between several performance tests and physical profile of Brazilian football athletes

2019-07-17T08:35:45+00:00

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between anthropometric (height and weight) and physical parameters in Brazilian football athletes and to determine if the relationship between various anaerobic indices of running anaerobic sprint test (RAST) and physical performance are dependent upon position. The present study is an observational, randomized cross-sectional research, where thirty-eight players (24.7 ± 3.9 years) performed a series of tests that consisted of physical fitness (horizontal jump, abdominal curl, push up, 10, 20 and 30 m sprint speed), anthropometric and RAST assessments. The players were classified into three groups: skill players (n = 14), big skill players (n = 10), and linemen (n = 14). One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test presented no difference between groups for anthropometric, horizontal jump, push up, T agility, 10, 20, and 30 m sprint speed tests and all anaerobic indices computed (p > 0.05). However, higher abdominal curl performance was noted under skill player versus big skill player group (p = 0.045). In big skill players group, the relationship between 10, 20 and 30 m sprint speed and muscle power reduction index was great. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that only agility and sprint tests presented an association with the anaerobic performance for all group analyzed.

Impact of swimming initiation on the physical fitness and mental health of elderly women

2019-07-17T08:35:45+00:00

This quasi-experimental study aimed to analyze the impact of swimming initiation on the physical fitness and mental health of 10 elderly women. It used the Senior Fitness Test, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, the WHOQOL-BREF and the WHOQOL-OLD. The program involved 12 weeks of swimming initiation lessons, twice a week. There was significant difference between pre- and post-test in ‘sit-to-stand’ (p = 0.005), ‘elbow flexion’ (p = 0.007), ‘walk 2.44 m and sit’ (p = .005), ‘walk 6 min.’ (p = 0.005), as well as in anxiety (p = 0.005), stress (p = 0.005), self-esteem (p = 0.007) and quality of life (p < 0.05). Swimming was effective in improving the physical fitness and mental health of the elderly women.

The influence of the order between resistance and stretching exercises on the hemodynamic response

2019-07-17T08:35:45+00:00

The present study compared the acute effect of different combinations of resistance training (RT) and static stretching (SS) on the heart rate (HR), rate pressure product (RPP) and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) of participants. This is a cross-over methodological design carried out in five visits on non-consecutive days, which always occurred at the same time of day. Twelve trained young men were randomly divided, using counterbalanced and alternate assignments, into three experimental situations: a) horizontal abduction of the shoulder, knee flexion and hip abduction before the bench press and leg extension machine, respectively (SS + RT); b) bench press and leg extension machine before horizontal abduction of shoulder, knee flexion and hip abduction, respectively (RT + SS); c) bench press and leg extension machine, exclusively (RT). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures showed significant differences in the SS+RT group when the variables were compared at rest (pre) and immediately after the exercises (post): HRpre vs. HRpost (p = 0.000) and RPPpre vs. RPPpost (p = 0.000). In the intergroup comparisons, significant differences were detected between the SS+RT and RT+SS experimental situations exclusively during the post period for the RPP (p = 0.041) and SpO₂variables (p = 0.002). The combined use of SS and RT significantly changed the intragroup cardiovascular responses by increasing the HR and RPP and decreasing the SpO₂. However, the values were lower in the intergroup comparisons when the stretching exercises were performed both before and after RT, although no significant differences were found from a cardiovascular safety point of view.

Analysis of pre-competitive anxiety of Brazilian young swimmers

2019-10-17T14:07:53+00:00

This study analyzed the level of state-anxiety of swimming athletes based on sex, category, competitive specialty, competitive level and competitive experience. Participants were 178 male (n = 105) and female (n = 73) swimmers with mean age of 15.51 ± 1.9 years at regional, national and international levels. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CASI-2) was used as instrument. Data analysis was conducted using the independent Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation. The results showed higher levels of self-confidence in males (p = 0.02) and higher levels of cognitive anxiety in females (p = 0.019). Among the competitive specialties, there were differences between levels of cognitive anxiety (p = 0.045) and self-confidence (p = 0.041) of swimmers. Differences were also observed in levels of cognitive anxiety (p = 0.049), somatic anxiety (p = 0.001) and self-confidence (p = 0.047) between swimming competition levels. It was concluded that male swimmers are more self-confident and less anxious than female swimmers and there are different levels of self-confidence and types of anxiety for different competitive specialties and ranking of competitions.

Perceptions of nursing professionals front the pain of newborns in a neonatal intensive therapy unit

2019-07-17T08:35:45+00:00

Objective: This study aims to know the perceptions of nursing professionals regarding the identification of pain in the newborn, as well as to assess the level of knowledge of these professionals regarding the existence and applicability of pain assessment scales for newborns and possible nursing interventions to be performed. Methodology: This is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted at the Intensive Care Unit of Hospital Escola in the city of Itajubá, State Minas Gerais. The present study counted on the participation of 20 professionals who answered two instruments to capture the data from March to June 2016. The analysis was done by the statistical program Excel version 2013 and as for the data, it was recorded by means of interview, it has been used the analysis of content proposed by Laurence Bardin. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Teresa D'Ávila University Center. Results: The following categories were listed: Yes, Venous Puncture, Crying, Non-pharmacological interventions, Yes, NIPS scale and Non-use of scale. Conclusion: This study will enable the critical reflection of professionals involved in the care of the neonate in pain situation, sensitizing them to interpret and minimize pain in the human being who is not yet able to verbalize it.

Patient self-care with double catheter lumen for hemodialization: validation of instructional folder

2019-10-17T14:07:43+00:00

The use of venous catheters for hemodialysis is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic renal failure. The implant of the dual lumen catheter (DLC) assists the patient in a worsening situation but commonly the patient remains with the DLC back home and this requires a series of important measures. The use of printed educational materials becomes an important tool to assist this type of care. Thus, the objective was to create and validate an instructive folder for the self-care of the patient using a catheter for hemodialysis. It is a methodological study of creation and evaluation of technology, in three stages. For validation of the content and style the material was submitted to the evaluation by experts in the area. 92.3% of the participants stated that the folder demonstrates clarity in their language, 53.8% of the participants suggested change and addition of information, and the same percentage also states that the instrument is attractive. The main suggestions were to change some term/word used in the folder, suggest changes to the images used, and include some information in the content. It is presumed then that the use of educational materials results in benefits to the patients who will receive the guidelines for self-care. Thus, the importance of nurses to use these resources for chronic renal patient care is emphasized.

Hypertensive elderly people: assessing the quality of life

2019-10-17T14:16:34+00:00

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the quality of life in hypertensive elderly people assisted in the Family Health Strategy. This is a descriptive, exploratory, cross-sectional study, with quantitative approach. The participants were 544 hypertensive elderly patients. The instruments used for data collection were the sociodemographic form and the WHOQOL-BREF. Regarding the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the elderly participants of this study, there was prevalence of elderly women, aged 60-69 years, self-reported white, catholic religion, illiterates, coming from municipalities in the countryside of the state, married/stable union, retired, income of one minimum wage, with children, non-smokers, non-alcohol consumers. Regarding the quality of life, the highest score was obtained in the Social Relationships Domain, followed by the Psychological Domain, Physical Domain and lower score in the Environmental Domain. The results show that the elderly participants presented a good quality of life and, although they have high blood pressure levels, they seek to live as best as possible.

Pharmaceutical care in a school pharmacy: from consultation to resolution of drug-related problems

2019-07-17T08:35:45+00:00

This study aimed to provide pharmaceutical care for the general community served by Pharmacy students from the Pharmacy School of the State University of Maringá [Universidade Estadual do Maringá] (UEM). Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up was performed with the identification, classification and resolution of drug-related problems (DRPs) through pharmaceutical consultations. A descriptive analysis was conducted. A total of 59 patients were interviewed; they were mostly women (75%) with average age of 63 years, and each of them was taking 8 medicines on average. The most frequently mentioned drugs were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Code and related to cardiovascular system (28%), alimentary tract and metabolism (23%), and nervous system (20%). An average of 1.49 DRP per patient was detected (88), and treatment non-compliance was the most frequent DRPs found (45%). In view of this, 63 pharmaceutical interventions were carried out, with most of them (52%) being related to patient education on the treatment; approximately 20% of the patients were referred to another health professional. Information supplied by this study shows the relevant role of pharmacists face the lack of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up of polymedicated patients.

Chlorpyrifos induces genotoxic effects in human leukocytes in vitro at low concentrations

2019-07-17T08:35:45+00:00

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate widely marketed as a pesticide. However, only few studies have investigated its genotoxic potential, especially in human tissues or cells, or the minimal concentration capable of inducing damage. This study analyzed the in vitro genotoxic potential of CPF in cultured human leukocytes at concentrations of 3, 35, and 350 μg mL^-1. Results demonstrated that the two highest concentrations exhibited an increase (~2-fold) in the micronucleus frequency (p < 0.01), the number of numerical chromosomal instabilities (~10–12 times, p < 0.05), and the number of apoptotic cells (~10- to 20-fold, p < 0.001). These results demonstrate the genotoxic potential of CPF and could open new discussions regarding its safety and toxicology.

Influence of invasive ventilation modes on weaning and extubation evolution of critical patients

2019-10-17T14:08:02+00:00

The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of invasive ventilation modes on weaning and extubation process. It is a prospective cohort study that assessed patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) using Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV). The following aspects were considered: ventilation mode used, days until evolution to weaning and extubation, its success/failure, hospitalization period, and ICU outcome (discharge/death). Sixty patients were assessed, 48 of which were admitted on volume-controlled ventilation (VCV), three on pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV), and nine on spontaneous mode. A total of 79% of VCV individuals and 67% of PCV went into spontaneous mode. There was no significant difference between modes for time until evolution to spontaneous breathing, neither between that and weaning and extubation. Among possible factors responsible for weaning and extubation success, only days on spontaneous mode influenced these outcomes, so individuals who breathed spontaneously for more days were 1.5% more likely to succeed at weaning and 1.3% more likely to succeed at extubation. The ventilation mode used at admission did not influence weaning and extubation process. Longer time on spontaneous breathing mode predicted the patients’ greater chances of weaning and extubation success.

Prediction of body image dissatisfaction in university students by multivariate statistical methods

2019-10-17T14:08:00+00:00

Overweight and obesity are responsible for significant costs of the Brazil’s public health system and can modify the self-perception of the body image, attitudes, cognitions and thoughts. This study intends to propose predictive models to evaluate factors related to body image dissatisfaction among university students. Undergraduate students, with a mean age of 22.4 years, were interviewed in Minas Gerais, Brazil, by means of a behavioral questionnaire and evaluated the body image by scale of figures of silhouettes according to the Brazilian biotype. Contingency analysis pointed out dissatisfaction in 67.1% of the students and the time dedicated to sedentary activities presented significant influence on body image. Female undergraduate students from health science courses with recent weight gain tended to wish smaller silhouettes, while male students wished larger body sizes. Multinomial and logistic regression analyses revealed a good predictive power, but the multinomial regression was more advantageous and effective in demonstrating a satisfactory predictive model comprised of a larger number of variables to explain the body image dissatisfaction.

Association between weight loss and clinical-pathologic factors in oncological patients in chemotherapy treatment: a longitudinal study

2019-10-17T14:07:49+00:00

The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional state and WL of individuals with cancer. Is a longitudinal observational study was performed with patients assisted in the oncological ambulatory. Sample was composed of 402 patients, with an average of 58.46±13.60 years old, 56.5% women and the majority elderly (51.74%). Regarding tumor localization, 12.9% were found in the head and neck, 22.6% in mamas, 10.2% in the lungs, 29.4% in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and 29.4% in other body parts. A gradual fall of nutritional state in relation to BMI was observed, and the patients were advancing to malnutrition. When severe and not severe WL were correlated, a statistical difference was demonstrated regarding age, current and habitual weight, as well as the corresponding BMI (p<0.05). Overweight and obese patients presented a higher severe WL than the other group (p<0.05). However, 67.34% of patients presented WL and a following nutritional state alteration, being cancer in the GI tract with a significant difference, 37.44% (p<0.05) with severe WL (p<0.000). Patients diagnosed with cancer, especially in the GI tract, treated with chemotherapy have higher chances of WL, which trigger a reduction of survival rate, being obesity and age reliable predictors of a consequent severe WL.

Nutrition status and quantification of blood minerals by TXRF spectroscopy in vegetarian and non-vegetarian university students

2019-10-17T14:07:35+00:00

This study investigated whether university students following a vegetarian diet differed from non-vegetarian students in nutrient intake, biochemical, hematological and blood mineral profile of nutritionally relevant elements. In total, 107 students from a university, following either a non-vegetarian or a vegetarian diet for at least 1 year prior to the study, were recruited in two stages, setting up two experiments. Nutrient intake (experiment 1, n = 58), and biochemical and hematological parameters (experiment 2, n = 49) were evaluated. TXRF spectroscopy was used for determination of trace elements in whole blood. Vegetarians showed differences in nutrient intake, mainly higher consumption of unsaturated fatty acids and fiber. No significant differences in the biochemical and hematological parameters were found. The prevalence of abnormal parameters in a considerable number of vegetarians and non-vegetarians were found, mainly regarding high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) and total cholesterol (TC). TXRF spectroscopy proved to be a simple tool for determining nutrition-relevant elements (K, Fe, Cu and Zn) in blood samples. The high incidence of abnormal parameters, regardless of the dietary pattern, raises concern about the high prevalence of bad eating habits among young university students. Particularly for the vegetarian students, these results may partly counteract the beneficial lifestyle of a vegetarian diet evidenced by previous studies. It is important for students to be aware of its potential nutritional limitations. In this context, food and nutrition education programs in the academic context could contribute to set up autonomous and healthy subjects, regardless of the diet chosen.

Dental trauma and itssequelae in deciduous and permanent teeth - Longitudinal study

2019-07-17T08:35:44+00:00

Objective: This study evaluated the prevalence, clinical management and sequelae in deciduous teeth involved and permanent successors in 150 children (256 deciduous teeth. Of these, 63.3% were male, 24-35 months of age at the time of the trauma (37.9%) and the falls (78.1%) represented the major etiological factor. In relation to the type of injury, 24.6% was enamel fracture; 62.5% showed support tissue injury (lateral luxation, 22.3%). In the first and second assessments (T1 and T2), the average follow-up time was 14.5 and 26 months (256 and 131 teeth).We diagnosed clinical and radiographic sequels including discoloration of the crown (T1-15.6; T2-13.7%), inflammatory root resorption (T1-7.0; T2-8.4%); and in permanent successors, enamel hypoplasia (T1-1.2; T2-2.3%), eruption disturbances (T1-2.0; T2-1.5%).The chi-square test evidenced association, in T1, between injuries to the supporting tissues and clinical (p = 0.003) and radiographic (p = 0.004) sequelae in permanent successors; and between clinical sequelae and age at the time of trauma (p = 0.005). In T2, radiological sequelae in deciduous teeth with injuries to the tooth and supporting tissue (p = 0.035); as well as clinical sequelae with elapsed time of trauma in permanent teeth (p = 0.005). It is concluded that the follow-up of traumatized deciduous teeth is essential to prevent sequelae.

Bio-sociodemographic and economic aspects and their connection to the oral health behavior of Brazilian and non-Brazilian academics

2019-07-17T08:35:45+00:00

The objective of this study is to characterize, relate and compare bio-sociodemographic and economic aspects, hygiene perception, habits and behaviors in the oral health of students recently admitted to an international university. This is a descriptive and quantitative study conducted with 101 Brazilian and non-Brazilian academics. For that purpose, a questionnaire was applied. The data were analyzed and submitted to Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square test. Male and Brazilian students predominated, followed by Guineans. Regarding the perception about oral health, 50.5% of Brazilian academics and 63.3% of non-Brazilian students considered it regular. Of the total participants, more than half of Brazilian and non-Brazilian students brushed their teeth 3 times a day. About dental floss, 98% of Brazilians know it and 76% of non-Brazilian didn’t use it. There was a significant association between the students with age lower than or equal to 18 years and the search for dental care, as well as income above one minimum wage and demand for this type of care. There were similarities and discrepancies between the behavior of Brazilian and non-Brazilian academics. Factors such as age lower than or equal to 18 years and income above one minimum wage positively influenced the search for dental care.

Evaluation of dentists’ knowledge on urgency conduct for avulsed teeth

2019-10-17T14:08:05+00:00

The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of dentists in the city of Maringá, State of Paraná, Brazil, relative to the management of avulsed teeth. According to the sample calculation, 96 professionals, who were not specialists in Endodontics or oral and maxillofacial surgery, were selected by random draw. The method chosen for verifying their knowledge was the application of a questionnaire composed of multiple choice questions. The data obtained were analyzed by the Exact Fisher test. Among the results obtained, we point out that the definition of tooth avulsion was correctly answered by 99%; 50% indicated milk; 49% saliva; 40% physiological solution, and 7% water as storage media; 52% would use rigid splinting as a fixation method; and for 72% the ideal time of containment procedures would be 60 days. There was association between the years of experience of the professionals with management of cases of tooth avulsion (p = 0.04555). The authors concluded that the dentists in the city of Maringá, State of Paraná, did not demonstrate good knowledge about the procedures to be adopted for management of avulsed teeth. Misunderstandings were observed relative to the appropriate method of storing the avulsed tooth and the type of splinting procedure most indicated for stabilizing the reimplanted tooth.

Multivariate analysis of periodontal disease and associated risk factors in a population of south Brazil

2019-10-17T14:32:30+00:00

Periodontal disease is a multifactorial oral health problem that may be associated with several risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence rates of risk factors and socioeconomic aspects of patients with periodontal disease. One-hundred and twelve patients underwent the application of a socioeconomic questionnaire and intraoral examinations. The later was founded in the search and registration of gingival bleeding, dental calculus and periodontal pockets. In a multivariate analysis using the Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID), the clinical findings were tested for their association with socioeconomic information, such as patient’s level of education. Gingival bleeding, dental calculus and periodontal pockets were detected in 82.1, 88.4 and 38.4% of the sample, respectively. Patients with lower level of education presented higher rates of gingival bleeding (p = 0.018), calculus (p = 0.001) and periodontal pockets (p = 0.001). Other socioeconomic factors, such as age, knowledge of oral hygiene tools, and access to dental services also showed statistically significant associations with periodontal diseases (p < 0.05). These outcomes corroborate with most of the previous scientific literature. In practice, they may contribute to the development of oral health care strategies to reach more effectively populations in need for optimal dental services.

Perception of the health-disease process: meanings and values of the Haliti-Paresí Indians

2019-07-17T08:35:45+00:00

Health is defined by the World Health Organization as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease. The present study aimed to know and reflect on the perception of the indigenous ethnicity Haliti-Paresí on the health-disease process. It is a research with a qualitative and ethnographic approach, in which data were collected in July 2015, through visits in the Wazare village and dialogue with the 34 residents, followed by the constitution of core meanings for data separation, according to their nature. The Paresí define health as the state of vitality in which there is energy to perform the basic activities, with food, hygiene and spirituality as determining factors. Negligence by the individual, climate change and higher forces establish the disease, with hantavirus being the main and most worrying. The health-disease process is based on the culture of this people, in which there is the figure of the shaman, elder or chief to reestablish the vital balance through rituals, offerings, teas and prayers, associated with Western medicine. There should be greater training of indigenous and non-indigenous professionals to provide comprehensive and effective assistance, as well as health education as a tool for disease prevention.

Functional independence of the elderly in multiprofessional home care

2019-07-17T08:35:45+00:00

Functional evaluation is one of the pillars of elderly home care for planning of interventions targeting the autonomy of this population. To verify Functional Independence Measure (FIM) in senior patients on a home care program. Retrospective quantitative study with elderly patients assisted by a home care service in the city of Curitiba, from August 2012 to December 2016. The following information was collected: gender, age, clinical diagnosis, and mean FIM scores at admission and discharge. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were met, descriptive statistics was used and, for association of variables, Wilcoxon’s and Spearman’s tests were applied. 1,614 patients were included, with predominance of women (n = 953; 59.53%), mean age of 78.7 ± 9.2 years, clinical diagnoses of diseases mostly affecting the central nervous system (CNS), the respiratory system, the joint and musculoskeletal system, and the circulatory system. The initial mean FIM was 50.56 points, while the final one was 55.36 points, with significant difference – Z = -5.09, p = 0.0001. Most seniors presented maximum to moderate dependence; however, a significant improvement in FIM after the health care provided in their homes was observed in patients with minimum dependence or modified independence.

Infant mortality: surveillance, epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution pattern in Recife, Brazil

2019-07-17T08:35:45+00:00

To describe the occurrence and spatial distribution of infant deaths investigated by surveillance in Recife, state of Pernambuco, Brazil, in 2014. This is an exploratory ecological study investigating 183 infant deaths. Data from the confidential records of surveillance investigation of the infant death and the Mortality Information System were used. In order to detect spatial distribution patterns, the kernel estimation of infant, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality was used. Deaths were mainly of the neonatal type (n = 144; 78.69%), with gestational age below 37 weeks (n = 147; 80.3%) and birth weight lower than 2500 g (n = 143; 78.1%). The main causes of infant deaths were the disorders originating in the perinatal period, with emphasis on maternal hypertensive disorders (n = 31; 16.9%). The kernel map showed a higher density in 12 neighborhoods of the North (4), Northwest (2), West (3) and South (3) regions of the municipality. It was found a heterogeneous pattern in the occurrence and distribution of deaths in the territory; spatial clusters were observed in several areas of Recife with similar geographic spaces between types of death.

Lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life in community-dwelling individuals aged 45 years and over. A population-based study

2019-10-17T14:07:57+00:00

The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with the impairment of quality of life (QoL) in community-dwelling individuals with LUTS. A randomized sample of the population registered in the Family Health Program - Niterói aged 45 years or over was selected. Information about demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, co-morbidities and nocturia was collected. The NANDA-I taxonomy was used to identify the other LUTS, and QoL evaluation was performed in accordance with the SF-36 Short Form questionnaire (SF36-SF). For the SF36-SF domains (outcome) associated with LUTS, multiple logistic models were tested including the urinary symptoms and the sociodemographic and associated clinical variables. Stress urinary incontinence was associated with white skin, female gender, obesity, smoking, alcohol intake, depression and low scores in all evaluated domains of QoL. Nocturia was associated with advanced age, low schooling level, higher BMI, hypertension, diabetes, health insurance and the lowest scores in all evaluated domains of Qol, except for the Role Emotional. According to multivariate analysis, stress incontinence and depression are associated with the highest risks of low scores in General Health, Physical Functioning and Vitality domains, while nocturia and obesity showed association with the highest risks of low scores in Physical Functioning, Bodily-Pain and Vitality domains.

Mortality rate for cervical cancer in Brazil and socioeconomic indicators: a spatial study

2019-10-17T14:07:51+00:00

The objective of the study was to analyze the correlation between the mortality rate from cervical cancer with schooling, Gini index and Human Development Index (HDI). This is an epidemiological, retrospective, observational and ecological study carried out in the 161 intermediate regions of urban articulation in Brazil. The study was based on secondary data from DATASUS and the United Nations Development Program. The spatial analysis of mortality versus schooling, Gini index and HDI was performed. Most municipalities in Brazil with high mortality rate are located in the North and Northeast. In addition, it was observed that schooling, Gini index and HDI directly influence the increase or reduction of mortality. Knowing these fragilities and their distribution in Brazil is necessary to solve the problems and improve the indicators such as the mortality rate.