Predator-prey relationship in the vertical distribution of mites on grapevines

Joseane Moreira do  Nascimento; Darliane Evangelho  Silva; Calebe Fernando Juchem; Julia Jantsch  Ferla; Rita Tatiane Leão da  Silva; Luiz Liberato Costa  Corrêa; Liana Johann; Noeli Juarez Ferla

doi:10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53136

Joseane Moreira do Nascimento Universidade do Vale do Taquari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-951X
Darliane Evangelho Silva Universidade do Vale do Taquari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3865-3248
Calebe Fernando Juchem Universidade do Vale do Taquari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-1264
Julia Jantsch Ferla Universidade Federal de Viçosa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4288-1654
Rita Tatiane Leão da Silva Universidade do Vale do Taquari
Luiz Liberato Costa Corrêa Universidade do Vale do Taquari
Liana Johann Universidade do Vale do Taquari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7105-9806
Noeli Juarez Ferla Universidade do Vale do Taquari

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53136

Palavras-chave: two-spotted spider mite; biological control; pest management.

Resumo

Phytophagous mites can cause economic losses in many crops, including grapevines. The changes in their population levels may be associated with changes in the predator-prey relationship. Knowledge of the distribution of mites in plants is important for planning sampling strategies and facilitating control decisions. The aims of this study were to (i) evaluate the abundances of Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae) and Neoseiulus californicus (Phytoseiidae), and the correlations between them and environmental factors; (ii) determine their distribution on the top, middle, or base strata of the evaluated grapevines (Vitis vinifera, Chardonnay cultivar) and, additionally, report the first occurrence of damage caused by T. urticae in grapevine leaves in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Sixteen samplings were conducted, divided between the 2018 and 2019 seasons. In each sampling, three leaves from the three strata of the plant (top, middle, and base) were collected from 20 plants, totaling 60 leaves per sampling. The predator-prey relationship and their association with environmental variables were evaluated with multivariate correlation, whereas the number of mites per plant leaf strata was compared using a generalized linear mixed model in R software. It was possible to observe the symptoms of damage caused by T. urticae attacks on grapevines in Southern Brazil, characterized by the presence of yellow spots and general yellowing of the vineyard. Our findings indicate that T. urticae and N. californicus individuals are strongly associated with each other regardless of the environmental variables, and such relationship occurs mainly on the lower strata (middle and base leaves) of grapevines. Thus, by taking into account the damage on the leaves of grapevines and the occurrence of T. urticae and N. californicus majorities on specific strata of these vineyards, we suggest that the lower strata of grapevines should be the priority targets for management strategies to control such mites.

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