Milk production process, quality and technological properties of milk for the use of various types of milking machines
Resumo
Studies have been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of using easy-assembled cow houses in modern milk production technologies for the use of high-productive milking plants of the type ‘Parallel’ and ‘Carousel’ with 32 machines each. It has been established that new types of premises not only provide comfortable conditions for the maintenance of highly productive cows, but also reduce the labor costs for their maintenance and, most importantly, allow the use of modern high-productive milking installations of the type ‘Parallel’ and ‘Carousel’. It has been established that the technology of preparation of cows for milking and milking technology provides more complete display of the milk ejection reflex at the installation of the ‘Parallel’ type. The average intensity of cows’ milk flows at this plant is 30% higher compared to those of the installation of ‘Carousel’ type, which is confirmed by the intensity of milk flow production at the first minute of milking, which is at the level of 2.97 against 1.85 kg min.-1 per installation of ‘Carousel’ type. Milk obtained using a milking installation of the ‘Parallel’ type has higher values of the mass fraction of fat and protein that is associated with the genetic potential of animals. According to physical, chemical and technological properties, milk obtained from milking installations such as ‘Parallel’ and ‘Carousel’ is within the limits of the standards in force. Milk obtained from the use of milking equipment such as ‘Carousel’ has higher electrical conductivity at the level of 4.6 mS cm-3, which is confirmed by a higher level of mastitis disease of cows. Due to bacterial contamination, reductase test and milk clot characteristic, milk obtained using a milk installation of ‘Parallel’ type also has higher quality indicators than the installation of ‘Carousel’ type. But according to the complex of indicators, milk obtained from various technologies of milking refers to the desired cheese-making class.
Downloads
Referências
Bilchenko, H. (2011). Novyi korivnyk vlasnymy sylamy. Ahroekspert, 3(32), 72-75.
Borshch, A. A., Borshch, A. V., Lutsenko, M. M., Merzlov, S. V., Kosior, L. T., Lastovska, I. A., & Pirova, L. V. (2018). Amino acid and mineral composition of milk from local Ukrainian cows and their crossbreedings with Brown Swiss and Montbeliarde breeds. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, 43(3), 238-246. doi: 10.14710/jitaa.43.3.238-246
Borshch, O. O., Borshch, O. V., Kosior, L. T., Lastovska, I. A., & Pirova, L. V. (2019). The influence of crossbreeding on the protein composition, nutritional and energy value of cow milk. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(1), 117-123.
Bozhydarnik, T. V., & Krisanov, D. (2011). Directions of re-structuring milk sector of economy. News of Agrarian Sciences, (8), 66-69. Retrieved from https://agrovisnyk.com/oldpdf/visnyk_08_2011.pdf
Cielava, L., Jonkus, D., & Paura, L. (2017). The effect of cow reproductive traits on lifetime productivity and longevity. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 11(3), 220-223.
Dascălu, C., Bogdan, A. T., Şonea, A., Tăpăloagă, P. R., Chelmu, S. S., Şonea, C., Tapus, D. (2011). The influence of technological factors on cow milk production in zootechnic ecosystems from Vrancea county in Romania. In 6th IASME/WSEAS International Conference on Energy & Environment (p. 248-254). Stevens Point, WI: Osterreichish-Rumanischer Akademischer Verein.
DSTU 3662:2018. (2018). Moloko-sirovina korov`yache. Tehnichni umovi. Kyjiv, UA: Derzhspozhyvstandart Ukrainy. Retrieved from http://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=77350
Gaworski, M., Leola, A., Sada, O., Kic, P., & Priekulis, J. (2016). Effect of cow traffic system and herd size on cow performance and automatic milking systems capacity. Agronomy Research, 14(1), 33-40.
Gaworski, М. (2016). Assessment of dairy production development on the example of polish conditions and comparisons with certain European countries. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1(XXVII), 12-18.
GOST 23453-2014. (2015). Moloko syroe. Metody opredelenyja somatycheskykh kletok (s Popravkoj). Moskva, RU: Standartynform. Retrieved from http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200115756
GOST 9225-84. (2004). Moloko i molochnyie produktyi. Metodyi mikrobiologicheskogo analiza (s Izmeneniyami N 1, 2, 3, 4). Moskva, RU: IPK Standards Publishing House. Retrieved from http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200021610
Hovinen, M., & Pyörälä, S. (2011). Invited review: Udder health of dairy cows in automatic milking. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(2), 547-562. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3556
Jacobs, J. A., & Siegford, J. M. (2012). Invited review: The impact of automatic milking systems on dairy cow management, behavior, health, and welfare. Journal of Dairy Science, 95(5). doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-4943
Kondrasiy, L., & Yakubchak, O. (2015). Naukove obgruntuvannya otsinki pokaznikiv yakostI moloka-sirovini. Tvarinnitstvo Ukrayini, (7), 10-14. Retrieved from https://tvarynnyctvoua.at.ua/publ/7_2015/1-1-0-87
Machulnyi, V. V. (2018). Productivity of cows of ukrainian black-and-white and red-and-white dairy breeds. Animal Breeding and Genetics, 51, 112-118. doi: 10.31073/abg.51.15
McGuffey, R. K. (2017). A 100-Year Review: Metabolic modifiers in dairy cattle nutrition, Journal of Dairy Science, 100(12), 10113-10142. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-12987
Nardone, A., Ronchi, B., Lacetera, N., Ranieri, M. S., & Bernabucci, U. (2010). Effects of climate changes on animal production and sustainability of livestock systems. Livestock Science, 130(1-3), 57-69. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.02.011
Rafiq, S., Huma, N., Pasha, I., Sameen, A., Mukhtar, O., & Khan, M. I. (2016). Chemical composition, nitrogen fractions and amino acids profile of milk from different animal species. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 29(7), 1022-1028. doi: 10.5713/ajas.15.0452
Schewe, R. L., & Stuart, D. (2015). Diversity in agricultural technology adoption: how are automatic milking systems used and to what end? Agriculture and Human Values, 32(2), 199-213. doi: 10.1007/s10460-014-9542-2
Toušová, R., Ducháček, J., Stádník, L., Ptáček, M., & Beran, J. (2014). The comparison of milk production and quality in cows from conventional and automatic milking systems. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 15(4), 100-114. doi: 10.5513/JCEA01/15.4.1515
Tullo, E., Mattachini, G., Riva, E., Finzi, A., Provolo, G., & Guarino, M. (2019). Effects of Climatic Conditions on the Lying Behavior of a Group of Primiparous Dairy Cows. Animals: an open access journal from MDPI, 9 (11), 869. doi: 10.3390/ani9110869
Vaccaro, L. P. (1990). Survival of European dairy breeds and their crosses with zebus in the tropics. Animal Breeding Abstracts, 58(6), 475–49. Retrieved from https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19900179258
Vasseur, E., Gibbons, J., Rushen, J., Pellerin, D., Pajor, E., Lefebvre, D., & Passillé, A. M. (2015). An assessment tool to help producers improve cow comfort on their farms. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(1), 698-708. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8224
Yilmaz, H., Gül, M., Akkoyun, S., Parlakay, O., Bilgili, M. E., Vurarak, Y., ... Kilicalp, N. (2016). Economic analysis of dairy cattle farms in east Mediterranean region of Turkey. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 45(7), 409-416. doi: 10.1590/S1806-92902016000700008
DECLARAÇÃO DE ORIGINALIDADE E DIREITOS AUTORAIS
Declaro que o presente artigo é original, não tendo sido submetido à publicação em qualquer outro periódico nacional ou internacional, quer seja em parte ou em sua totalidade.
Os direitos autorais pertencem exclusivamente aos autores. Os direitos de licenciamento utilizados pelo periódico é a licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0): são permitidos o compartilhamento (cópia e distribuição do material em qualqer meio ou formato) e adaptação (remix, transformação e criação de material a partir do conteúdo assim licenciado para quaisquer fins, inclusive comerciais.
Recomenda-se a leitura desse link para maiores informações sobre o tema: fornecimento de créditos e referências de forma correta, entre outros detalhes cruciais para uso adequado do material licenciado.