A blend of thyme and rosemary powders with poultry by-product meal can be used as a natural antioxidant in broilers
Resumo
A total of 500, 14-d old male Ross 308 broilers were allocated into five treatments (4 replicates each) including: a negative (NC) and positive control diet (PC) which supplemented without and with 7% poultry by-product meal (PBPM), respectively and three levels of additive supplementation of thyme and rosemary powders in the basal diets: 0.750% rosemary powder (PCR); 0.375% thyme powder + 0.375% rosemary powder (PCRT), and 0.750% thyme powder (PCT) rosemary powder. The PCRT diet improved (p <0.05) average daily gain and feed conversion ratio by 5.62 and 10.37% compared to PC, respectively. The serum concentration of lipids (triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein) was decreased while the ileal villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth as well as ileal microbiota population were improved (p <0.05) in response to inclusion PCRT diet compared to PC diet. The blood serum concentration of malondialdehyde was statistically decreased (p <0.05) by supplementation of PCRT in broiler diets. Our results suggested that supplementation of a blend of thyme and rosemary powders at the level of 0.375% of each into broiler diet during d 14-42 has merit to be used as a natural antioxidant in diets formulated by PBPM.
Downloads
Referências
Abd El-Hack, M. E., & Alagawany, M. (2015). Performance, egg quality, blood profile, immune function, and antioxidant enzyme activities in laying hens fed diets with thyme powder. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 24(2), 127-133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/65638/2015
Abdulkarimi, R., Daneshyar, M., & Aghazadeh, A. (2011). Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) extract consumption darkens liver, lowers blood cholesterol, proportional liver and abdominal fat weights in broiler chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 10(2), 101-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2011.e20
Al-Kassie, G. A. (2009). Influence of two plant extracts derived from thyme and cinnamon on broiler performance. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 29(4), 169-173.
Association of Official Agricultural Chemists [AOAC]. (2005). Official methods of analysis. Arlington, VA: AOAC.
Aviagen. (2014). Ross 308 broiler: nutrition specifications. Huntsville, AL: Aviagen Group,
Bakhshalinejad, R., Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki, R., & Zoidis, E. (2018). Effects of different dietary sources and levels of selenium supplements on growth performance, antioxidant status and immune parameters in Ross 308 broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 59(1), 81-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2017.1380296
Botsoglou, N., Florou-Paneri, P., Botsoglou, E., Dotas, V., Giannenas, I., Koidis, A., & Mitrakos, P. (2005). The effect of feeding rosemary, oregano, saffron and α-tocopheryl acetate on hen performance and oxidative stability of eggs. South African Journal of Animal Science, 35(3), 143-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v35i3.4053
Crowell, P. L. (1999). Prevention and therapy of cancer by dietary monoterpenes. The Journal of Nutrition, 129(3), 775S-778S. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/129.3.775S
Feizi, A., & Bijanzad, P. (2010). Evaluating the effects of Thymus vulgaris extract on growth performance parameters in broiler chicken. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 4(12), 39-45.
Galobart, J., Barroeta, A. C., Baucells, M. D., Codony, R., & Ternes, W. (2001). Effect of dietary supplementation with rosemary extract and α-tocopheryl acetate on lipid oxidation in eggs enriched with ω3-fatty acids. Poultry Science, 80(4), 460-467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.4.460
Ghazalah, A. A., & Ali, A. M. (2008). Rosemary leaves as a dietary supplement for growth in broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 7(3), 234-239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2008.234.239
Hassan, F. A., & Awad, A. (2017). Impact of thyme powder (Thymus vulgaris L.) supplementation on gene expression profiles of cytokines and economic efficiency of broiler diets. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(18), 15816-15826. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9251-7
Hassanabadi, A., Amanloo, H., & Zamanian, M. (2008). Effects of substitution of soybean meal with poultry by-product meal on broiler chickens performance. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 7(3), 303-307.
Kakhki, R. A. M., Bakhshalinejad, R., & Shafiee, M. (2016). Effect of dietary zinc and α-tocopheryl acetate on broiler performance, immune responses, antioxidant enzyme activities, minerals and vitamin concentration in blood and tissues of broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 221, 12-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANIFEEDSCI.2016.08.016
Lee, S. J., Umano, K., Shibamoto, T., & Lee, K. G. (2005). Identification of volatile components in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris L.) and their antioxidant properties. Food Chemistry, 91(1), 131-137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.05.056
Lobo, V., Patil, A., Phatak, A., & Chandra, N. (2010). Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 4(8), 118-126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.70902
Mathlouthi, N., Bouzaienne, T., Oueslati, I., Recoquillay, F., Hamdi, M., Urdaci, M., & Bergaoui, R. (2012). Use of rosemary, oregano, and a commercial blend of essential oils in broiler chickens: in vitro antimicrobial activities and effects on growth performance. Journal of Animal Science, 90(3), 813-823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3646
Menati, J. K., Ali, N. A. L., & Abidelhuseen, H. S. (2018). Effect of using different concentrations of the aqueous extract for Thymus leaves in some physiological, histological and immunological traits for broiler chicks. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 6(10), 406-412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17582/JOURNAL.AAVS/2018/6.10.406.412
Nameghi, A. H., Edalatian, O., & Bakhshalinejad, R. (2019). Effects of a blend of thyme, peppermint and eucalyptus essential oils on growth performance, serum lipid and hepatic enzyme indices, immune response and ileal morphology and microflora in broilers. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 103(5), 1388-1398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13122
Norouzi, B., Qotbi, A. A. A., Seidavi, A., Schiavone, A., & Marín, A. L. M. (2015). Effect of different dietary levels of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and yarrow (Achillea millefolium) on the growth performance, carcass traits and ileal micro-biota of broilers. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14(3), 3930. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.275350
National Research Council [NRC]. (1994). Nutrition requirements of poultry. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Osman, M., Yakout, H. M., Motawe, H. F., & El-Arab, W. E. (2010). Productive, physiological, immunological and economical effects of supplementing natural feed additives to broiler diets. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 30(1), 25-53.
Petricevic, V., Lukic, M., Skrbic, Z., Rakonjac, S., Doskovic, V., Petricevic, M., & Stanojkovic, A. (2018). The effect of using rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in broiler nutrition on production parameters, slaughter characteristics, and gut microbiological population. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 42(6), 658-664.
Rahimi, S., Teymori Zadeh, Z., Torshizi, K., Omidbaigi, R., & Rokni, H. (2011). Effect of the three herbal extracts on growth performance, immune system, blood factors and intestinal selected bacterial population in broiler chickens. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 13(4), 527-539.
Robbins, D. H., & Firman, J. D. (2006). Evaluation of the metabolizable energy of poultry by-product meal for chickens and turkeys by various methods. International Journal of Poultry Science, 5(8), 753-758. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.753.758
Saki, A A. (2014). Effects of drinking thyme essence (Thymus vulgaris L.) on growth performance, immune response and intestinal selected bacterial population in broiler chickens. Poultry Science Journal, 2(2), 113-123.
Samli, H. E., Senkoylu, N., Ozduven, M. L., Akyurek, H., & Agma, A. (2006). Effects of poultry by product meal on laying performance, egg quality and storage stability. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 5(1), 6-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2006.6.9
Senkoylu, N., Samli, H. E., Akyurek, H., Agma, A., & Yasar, S. (2005). Performance and egg characteristics of laying hens fed diets incorporated with poultry by-product and feather meals. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 14(3), 542-547. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/14.3.542
Thanissery, R., Kathariou, S., & Smith, D. P. (2014). Rosemary oil, clove oil, and a mix of thyme-orange essential oils inhibit Salmonella and Campylobacter in vitro. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 23(2), 221-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2013-00888
Tukey, J. W. (1991). The philosophy of multiple comparisons. Statistical Science, 6(1), 100-116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1214/ss/1177011945
Yildirim, B. A., Tunc, M. A., Gül, M., Yildirim, F., & Yıldız, A. (2018). The effect of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract supplemented into broiler diets, on performance and blood parameters. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(3), 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2018.2.3.0057
WPSA. (1984). The prediction of apparent metabolizable energy values for poultry in compound feeds. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 40(2), 181-182.
Zeng, Z., Zhang, S., Wang, H., & Piao, X. (2015). Essential oil and aromatic plants as feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition: a review. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 6(1), 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-015-0004-5
Zhang, G. F., Yang, Z. B., Wang, Y., Yang, W. R., Jiang, S. Z., & Gai, G. S. (2009). Effects of ginger root (Zingiber officinale) processed to different particle sizes on growth performance, antioxidant status, and serum metabolites of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 88(10), 2159-2166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2009-00165
DECLARAÇÃO DE ORIGINALIDADE E DIREITOS AUTORAIS
Declaro que o presente artigo é original, não tendo sido submetido à publicação em qualquer outro periódico nacional ou internacional, quer seja em parte ou em sua totalidade.
Os direitos autorais pertencem exclusivamente aos autores. Os direitos de licenciamento utilizados pelo periódico é a licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0): são permitidos o compartilhamento (cópia e distribuição do material em qualqer meio ou formato) e adaptação (remix, transformação e criação de material a partir do conteúdo assim licenciado para quaisquer fins, inclusive comerciais.
Recomenda-se a leitura desse link para maiores informações sobre o tema: fornecimento de créditos e referências de forma correta, entre outros detalhes cruciais para uso adequado do material licenciado.
