The current state of the saiga (Saiga tatarica L.) population in Betpak-Dala (Kazakhstan)
Resumo
The objective of this research is to address saiga conservation challenges amid significant anthropogenic pressures through a population model-based approach. The study involved an analysis of herd composition in terms of sex, age, and size over the years 2019-2022, with a focus on lamb weight measurements in 2022. Notably, 2021 witnessed a substantial decline in offspring numbers, with lambs being three times scarcer compared to 2020 and 5.2 times fewer than in 2022 (p ≤ 0.05). Male saigas exhibited a 3.1-fold reduction in birth rates in 2021 relative to 2020 and a 5.6-fold decrease compared to 2022 (p < 0.05). The fluctuations in the number of females and males across the three years were found to be statistically comparable (p ≥ 0.05). Since 2022, there has been a notable increase in the size of saiga herds, with counts reaching 450-500 animals compared to 2019-2020 (p ≤ 0.05). The observation identified a total of 93 saiga herds, with six of them consisting of more than 1,000 antelopes. The augmentation of male presence within herds is anticipated to contribute to sustaining saiga population growth. Achieving this outcome may necessitate the implementation of captive breeding initiatives or an integrated approach.
Downloads
Referências
Abaturov, B. D., Dzhapova, R. R., Kazmin, V. D., Ajusheva, E. C., & Dzhapova, V. V. (2019). Comparative Features of the Nutrition of the Przewalski Horse Equus przewalskii, the Camel Camelus bactrianus, and the Saiga Saiga tatarica on an Isolated Steppe Pasture. Biology Bulletin, 46, 594-607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359019060037
Abaturov, B. D., Gorbunov, S. S., & Koshkina, A. I. (2021). Features of fodder vegetation as a possible cause of saiga die-offs on steppe pastures. Arid Ecosystems, 11, 399-405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079096121040028
Abisheva, A., Abishov, A., Khairullaeva, K., Shynybayev, K., Kalissynov, B., Maikhin, K., … Syrym, N. (2022). AK-2011 strain for the development of a vaccine against equine rhinopneumonitis. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 69(5), e1972-e1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14531
Basybekov, S. Z., Bazarbayev, M. B., Yespembetov, B. A., Mussaeva, A., Kanatbayev, S. G., Romashev, K. M., … Syrym, N. S. (2018). Diagnostics of tuberculosis and differentiation of nonspecific tuberculin reactions in animals. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 49(2), 329-335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2017.07.004
Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of Animals [CMS]. (2010). Progress towards the Fulfilment of the CMS Medium Term International Work Programme for the Saiga Antelope (for the period 2007-2011). CMS Secretariat by UNEP.
Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of Animals [CMS]. (2023). Experts’ recommendations for Saiga conservation and management in Kazakhstan, taking into account insights gained on the field visit to Western Kazakhstan. Astana, KZ: CMS.
Ding, X., Zheng, H., Jin, K., & Liu, X. (2020). Duplex PCR-based molecular sex determination of Saiga tatarica. Conservation Genetics Resources, 12, 21-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-018-1058-4
Dzhapova, V. V., Bembeeva, O. G., Ayusheva, E. C., & Dzhapova, R. R. (2021). Summer diet of domestic sheep and saiga in the Caspian lowland pastures. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 848, 012143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/848/1/012143
Fereidouni, S., Freimanis, G. L., Orynbayev, M., Ribeca, P., Flannery, J., King, D. P., … Kock, R. (2019). Mass die-off of saiga antelopes, Kazakhstan, 2015. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 25(6), 1169-1176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2506.180990
Francfort, H.-P. (2020). Nisa Parthica rhyton nr. 76: a note on images of hunt and deities in Central Asia: Saiga tatarica and steppe connection. In F. Serra (Ed.), Parthica: incontri di culture nel mondo antico, 22, 9-34. Pisa: Fabrizio Serra. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19272/202003501001
Gavrilenko, V. S., Piper, A. R., Mezinov, O. S., & Yasinetskaya, N. O. (2022). The formation of a sustainable saiga population (Saiga tatarica linnaeus, 1758) in the "ascania-nova" biosphere reserve and features of its number conservation and management. News of the Biosphere Reserve "Askania-Nova", 24, 112-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53904/1682-2374/2022-24/16
Glázer, G. (2017). An overview of the saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) in captivity in Europe and the United States. Saiga Resource Centre. Retrieved from https://www.saigaresourcecentre.com/sites/default/files/2020-06/an_overview_of_the_saiga_antelope_in_captivity_in_europe_and_the_us_glazer_2.pdf
Grachev, Y. A., Meldebekov, A. M., & Bekenov, A. B. (2009). Abundance, structure and reproduction of saiga populations in Kazakhstan. Steppe Bulletin, 27, 47-50.
International Union for Conservation of Nature [IUCN]. (2008). The IUC red list of threatened species. Retrieved from http://www.iucnredlist.org
Jiang, Z., Mallon, D., Foggen, M., Li, C., Cui, S., Zeng, Y., & Ping, X. (2020a). A case of reintroducing saiga highlights the conservation needs of migratory species. Preprints.org. Retrieved from https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202002.0375/v2
Jiang, Z., Mallon, D., Foggen, M., Li, C., Cui, S., Zeng, Y., & Ping, X. (2020b). Recent saiga population crash in China highlights how conservation of migratory species can only succeed with international collaboration. Preprints.org. Retrieved from https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202002.0375/v1
Karimova, T. Y., Lushchekina, A. A., Neronov, V. M., Pyurvenova, N. Y., & Arylov, Y. N. (2020). Biological features of the Northwest Pre-Caspian saiga population at different sizes. Arid Ecosystems, 10, 298-304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079096120040113
Kashinina, N. V., Lushchekina, A. A., Sorokin, P. A., Tarasyan, K. K., & Kholodova, M. V. (2023). The modern state of the European saiga population (Saiga tatarica tatarica): mtDNA, DRB3 MHC gene, and microsatellite diversity. Integrative Zoology, 18(4), 661-676. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12704
Khanyari, M., Robinson, S., Morgan, E. R., Brown, T., Singh, N. J., Salemgareyev, A., … Milner-Gulland, E. J. (2021). Building an ecologically founded disease risk prioritization framework for migratory wildlife species based on contact with livestock. Journal of Applied Ecology, 58(9), 1838-1853. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13937
Khanyari, M., Robinson, S., Morgan, E. R., Salemgareyev, A., & Milner‐Gulland, E. J. (2022). Identifying relationships between multi-scale social–ecological factors to explore ungulate health in a Western Kazakhstan rangeland. People and Nature, 4(2), 382-399. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10289
Liu, X., Mawolo, J. B., Du, X., Zhou, Y., Wang, H., Liu, F., … Marela, H. A. (2019). Investigation of biochemical and physiological parameters of the newborn Saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) in Gansu Province, China. Plos One, 14(11), e0224822. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224822
Maikanov, B. S., Auteleyeva, L. T., Ismagulova, G. T., Wiśniewski J., BeŁkot, Z., & Anusz, K. (2020a). Quality and safety of fish products in the Shuchinsk-Burabay Resort Zone. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 76(10), 585-588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.6462
Maikanov, B. S., Zabolotnykh, M. V., Auteleyeva, L. T., & Seidenova, S. P. (2020b). Influence of antitox and Vitamin E-selenium on meat quality and safety in rabbits after 1,1-experimental dimethylhydrazine toxicosis. Veterinary World, 13(8), 1567-1572. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1567-1572
Milner-Gulland, E. J. (2003). Using Saiga Antelope conservation to improve rural livelihoods. CMS Bulletin, 17, 16-17.
Milner-Gulland, E. J., & Kühl, A. (2006). Desperately seeking Saiga. BBC Wildlife. Retrieved from https://www.saigaresourcecentre.com/sites/default/files/migrated/media/9696/saiga_bbc_wildlife__2006_.pdf
Milner-Gulland, E. J., Hughes, P., Bykova, E., Buuveibaatar, B., Chimeddorj, B., Karimova, T. Y., … Zuther, S. (2020). The sustainable use of Saiga Antelopes: Perspectives and prospects. Report to the Bundesamt für Naturschutz and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. Retrieved from https://www.saigaresourcecentre.com/sites/default/files/2022-07/unep-cms_saiga_mos4_outcome2_sustainable-use-saiga-antelopes_e_.pdf
Myrzabaev, A. B., Gongalsky, K. B., Ibraibekov, Z. G., Britko, V. V., & Kinayatov, M. A. (2019). History of distribution and contemporary situation of Saiga tatarica on the territory of Kazakhstan. Herald of Karaganda University. Series: Biology. Medicine. Geography, 94(2), 143-148.
Philipson, A., & Milner-Gulland, E. J. (2023). Darwin Project 18-015 addressing the illegal trade in the critically endangered Ustyurt Saiga. USAID SCAPES Ustyurt landscape conservation initiative project socio-economic research component. London, GB: Imperial College London.
Pruvot, M., Fine, A. E., Hollinger, C., Strindberg, S., Damdinjav, B., Buuveibaatar, B., … Shiilegdamba, E. (2020). The outbreak of peste des petits ruminants among critically endangered Mongolian saiga and other wild ungulates, Mongolia, 2016–2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(1), 51-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2601.181998
Rduch, V., & Sliwa, A. (2019). Saiga-Antilopen (Saiga tatarica): aus den Steppen Asien über den Kölner Zoo ins Museum Koenig nach Bonn. Koenigiana 13(1), 13-30.
Rey-Iglesia, A., Hjort, J., Silva, T. L., Buuveibaatar, B., Dalannast, M., Ulziisaikhan, T., … Campos, P. F. (2022). Genetic diversity of the endangered Mongolian saiga antelope Saiga tatarica mongolica (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) provides insights into conservation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 137(1), 100-111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blac074
Robinson, S. (2018). Summaries of Russian documentation of mass mortality events in saiga during the 1970s and 1980s. Oxford, GB: Oxford University.
Safonov, V. (2022). Dependence of antioxidant and biochemical status on selenium content in the blood of animals. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 10(2), 263-269. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2022/10.2.263.269
Syrym, N. S., Yespembetov, B. A., Sarmykova, M. K., Konbayeva, G. M., Koshemetov, Z. K., Akmatova, E. K., … Siyabekov, S. T. (2019). Reasons behind the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Acta Tropica, 191, 98-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.028
Ubushaev, B. S., Natyrov, A. K., Arylov, Y. N., Moroz, N. N., Slizskaya, S. A., & Khakhlinov, A. I. (2022). Ecological potential of pasture ecosystems of desolate steppes in the conservation of the saiga population of the NorthWestern Caspian Sea. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 981, 032045. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/3/032045
Ussenbekov, Y., Bagdat, A., Bimenova, Z., Orynkhanov, K., Sobiech, P., Samardžija, M., … Dobos, A. (2022). Identification of monomorphic and polymorphic genes associated with recessive fertility defects in Holstein cows reared in Kazakhstan. Veterinarski Arhiv, 92(1), 27-35. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.139
Ventsova, I., & Safonov, V. (2021). Biochemical criteria for the development mechanisms of various reproduction disorders in dairy cows. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 22(11), 4997-5002. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d221135
Wang, S., & Jin, K. (2019). Global population status and conservation strategy of Saiga tatarica. World Forestry Research, 32(6), 49-53.
Yang, T., Druică, E., Zhang, Z., Hu, Y., Cirella, G. T., & Xie, Y. (2022). Predictors of the behavioral intention to participate in saiga antelope conservation among Chinese young residents. Diversity, 14(5), 411. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/d14050411
DECLARAÇÃO DE ORIGINALIDADE E DIREITOS AUTORAIS
Declaro que o presente artigo é original, não tendo sido submetido à publicação em qualquer outro periódico nacional ou internacional, quer seja em parte ou em sua totalidade.
Os direitos autorais pertencem exclusivamente aos autores. Os direitos de licenciamento utilizados pelo periódico é a licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0): são permitidos o compartilhamento (cópia e distribuição do material em qualqer meio ou formato) e adaptação (remix, transformação e criação de material a partir do conteúdo assim licenciado para quaisquer fins, inclusive comerciais.
Recomenda-se a leitura desse link para maiores informações sobre o tema: fornecimento de créditos e referências de forma correta, entre outros detalhes cruciais para uso adequado do material licenciado.
