Arquivos do Mudi

Epidemiological suvey of congenital syphilis in Rio Grande do Sul: a descriptive study

Ariane Schiavenin — 2025-07-22

Introduction: vertical transmission of syphilis (congenital syphilis - SC) is preventable with prenatal testing. Rio Grande do Sul has rates above the national average. Objective: to conduct a descriptive epidemiological study related to the prevalence of congenital syphilis in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Method: use of public data available at the Department of Information Technology of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) and also at SVSA/MS (Health and Environmental Surveillance System of the Ministry of Health). Results: the epidemiological profile of infected pregnant women is mostly white women, aged 20 to 29, with high school diploma, who were diagnosed during prenatal care and during the 1st trimester. Most of the babies diagnosed are less than 7 days old (recent SC) and the mother received inadequate prenatal care. Conclusion: CS is a public health problem in RS, where effective public policies are needed for prevention, early detection and adequate treatment.

Symptomatic characterization of mental disorders in medical students from the intermediate geographic region of Maringá

Guilherme Caldin Porto — 2025-07-22

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in medical students from higher education institutions in the intermediate geographic region of Maringá. Method: sampling was non-probabilistic, for convenience. As an application instrument, a self-administered questionnaire was used online through the ‘‘Google Forms’’ platform. Results: the following results were obtained: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) [38.5%], Depressive Mood Disorder (26.6%), Social Anxiety Disorder (3.7%), Panic Disorder (8.3%), Bipolar Affective Disorder (4.6%), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (6.4%) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) [13.8%] and Eating Disorder (9.2%). Conclusion: the results of this study showed that medical students have high rates of diagnoses. In summary, it is possible to understand that many students are vulnerable to developing pathological anxiety and depression. It was also established that the demonstrative signs of ADHD are expressed in common manifestations among students.

Intraperitoneal administration of metformin to puppies during lactation alters biometric parameters in adult rats at 180 days

Willian Nascimento de Souza Rodrigues — 2025-07-22

Introduction: small litter size on postnatal day 3 induces an obese phenotype in adult male Wistar rats Aims: to investigate whether intraperitoneal administration of metformin (100 mg/kg/day) during the first twelve days of lactation can alter adult body composition Methods: neonates received metformin from postnatal day 1 to 12, and litters were divided into normal (NL; 9 pups) and reduced (SL; 3 pups) groups on postnatal day 3, forming four experimental groups: NL-SAL, NL-MET, SL-SAL and SL-MET. Animals were euthanised at 180 days for liver, adipose tissue and blood samples Results: SL-SAL group showed higher body weight, which were reduced by metformin treatment. Liver mass was lower in both NL-MET and SL-MET groups. There was greater accumulation of white and brown adipose tissue in SL-SAL, and of both white and brown adipose tissue in NL-MET Conclusion: intraperitoneal administration of metformin during lactation induces biometric changes in offspring at six months of age.

Domestic violence and illness: Challenges for Nursing professionals in Mandatory Notification

Neusa Gomes Rodrigues — 2025-07-22

Objective: the objective of this article is to analyze the commitment of nursing graduates to complying with Law No. 10,778/2003. Methods: this was a qualitative research involving 20 nursing professionals, working in the 10th Health Region of Paraná, encompassing the city of Cascavel and surrounding municipalities. Semi-structured interviews were carried out via WhatsApp audio, due to the Covid-19 epidemic. Content analysis was used to examine the documentary corpus, which was coded, categorized and interpreted in light of gender theories. Results: the results showed that there are stereotypical notions about women's rights that compromise the practice of notification, even though most professionals recognize the sickening nature of domestic violence. Conclusion: it is suggested that the curricular matrix of health courses pay greater attention to the intersection between violence and illness.

Neurosciences and education: teacher perceptions in a brazilian medicine course

Guilherme Henrique Martins — 2025-07-22

Introduction: educational research has seen the emergence of a new area of interest today: neuroeducation. Aiming to understand how the brain learns in a morphofunctional instance and apply it to education, this area has been gaining ground. Objective: to evaluate the perception of medical school teachers regarding neurosciences applied to education. Method: exploratory, qualitative research carried out virtually using the World Wide Web, after ethical review. Discussions about neuroeducation were held using the focus group technique (n = 22). To analyze the speeches, Content Analysis was used. Results: the participants' speech revealed five thematic categories: knowledge about neuroeducation, biological mechanisms of learning, relationship between emotion, memory and learning, meaningful learning, use of the senses in learning. Conclusion: the findings suggest that teachers possess knowledge about brain structure and functioning, however, they do not associate this knowledge in teaching practice.

Associated factors of systemic arterial hypertension in brazilian diabetic adults

Rafael Nogaretti Miguel — 2025-07-22

Objective: to describe the factors associated with the presence of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) in Brazilian adults with diabetes. Methods: a cross-sectional and analytical study involving 3,066 adults with diabetes from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS). Outcome: self-reported SAH. Exploratory variables: self-reported sociodemographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric characteristics. Analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi-square test, p<0.05. Results: the prevalence of adults with diabetes and hypertension was 54.1%. Factors associated with SAH in adults with diabetes: female sex, advanced age, low educational attainment, a history of daily smoking, and less than one hour of physical activity per day. Processed food consumption was a risk factor among diabetics without hypertension. Conclusion: social determinants and lifestyle factors remain prevalent among adults with diabetes and SAH. The findings underscore the importance of health promotion and prevention efforts targeting risk factors in individuals who have not yet accumulated these comorbidities.

Underlying patterns of immunosenescence in self-regulation of functionality in older adults

Amanda Azevedo de Carvalho — 2025-07-22

Introduction: aging is a natural and multifactorial process, resulting from the accumulation of experiences and biological, psychological, and sociocultural changes. Cellular senescence arises from multifactorial causes, often associated with residual accumulations over the course of life. Objective: this study aimed to discuss knowledge about aging to identify converging factors, highlighting movements related to cellular senescence due to the relevance of the biological sphere. Methods: characterized as a narrative literature review. Results: immunity recognizes patterns in the body, protecting against pathogens, tumors, and harmful agents. Immune dysfunction, resulting from multifactorial causes and the individual's context, leads to immunosenescence, or immune aging. Immunosenescence is the dysregulated state of the immune system in older adults, increasing vulnerability to infections. Conclusion: self-care practices are a protective factor, being beneficial for health and the maintenance of well-being in aging.

Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Postpartum Period: Benefits and Application Protocols

Patrícia Maria Maia Mota Falcão — 2025-07-22

Objectives: to investigate the benefits and application protocols of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of postpartum-related conditions. Method: literature review conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, LILACS, PEDro, and Google Scholar databases, using descriptors related to laser therapy and postpartum, including articles published between 2015 and 2025. Results: LLLT demonstrates photobiomodulation effects, promoting tissue regeneration and pain relief. It has proven effective in the healing of episiotomies, cesarean incisions, and nipple fissures, reducing discomfort and edema. The most common protocols involve wavelengths between 660–904 nm, energy densities of 2–8 J/cm², and a frequency of 2–3 sessions per week. Laser therapy contributes to faster functional recovery during the postpartum period. Conclusion: low-level laser therapy is an effective tool in postpartum rehabilitation and should be applied individually and combined with other physiotherapeutic resources.

The quality of communication in nursing care and its impacts: a scope review

Beatriz Maia dos Santos — 2025-07-22

Objective: to map the impacts of communication quality on nursing care. Methods: this is a scoping review based on the international guidelines Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and the Joanna Briggs Institute, Reviewers Manual. Nine databases were used, including studies with qualitative and quantitative approaches, without time limits, in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Results: 7,923 studies were extracted, and 10 met the criteria for this review. Of these, more than half were conducted in Brazil between 2007 and 2016, and three databases were most relevant. Conclusion: future research is suggested to investigate aspects such as: mechanisms by which effective communication promotes positive health outcomes, barriers and facilitators of effective communication in different care contexts, the impact of communication on the patient experience and quality of life, and the role of information and communication technologies in mediating nurse-patient communication.

A Orofacial myofunctional therapy as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea: integrative review

Beatriz da Silva Leal — 2025-07-22

Introduction: sleep is an essential biological process whose interruption compromises its restorative function. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent condition that affects sleep and quality of life. Objective: This study investigates the effectiveness of Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy (OMT) in managing OSAS. This is an integrative literature review, with the central question: Is OMT effective in the treatment of OSAS? Method: the search was conducted in the PubMed, BVS, SciELO, Cochrane and Embase databases. Full-text articles in Portuguese and English were included, while incomplete studies, duplicates, studies addressing other treatments, and/or studies that used OMT exclusively in post-surgical contexts were excluded. Results: the final sample consisted of 9 articles published between 2017 and 2025. The OMT improves the aggravating factors of OSAS. Conclusion: it is concluded that OMT is an effective therapeutic option, especially as a complementary treatment to conventional approaches.