Reliable ECG Classification Using RNN and GRU Architectures for Arrhythmia Detection

Bhagyashree Saikia; Pooja  Debbarma; Rajesh  Kumar; M.M.  Dixit

doi:10.5269/bspm.78536

Bhagyashree Saikia North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology
Pooja Debbarma Research Scholar
Rajesh Kumar North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology
M.M. Dixit North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology

Abstract

Cardiac disease has become a severe threat to public health as
it has become a leading cause of mortality in India. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
signal classification plays a pivotal role in early detection of cardiac arrhyth
mias, potentially reducing morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovas
cular diseases. This study presents a comparative analysis of Recurrent Neural
Network(RNN) and Grated Recurrent Unit(GRU) architectures for ECG sig
nal classification using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia dataset. After preprocessing
and class balancing, both models were trained to classify five heartbeat types.
Experimental results show that GRU model achieved a significantly higher test
accuracy (98.61%) compared to the RNN (83.39%), demonstrating its potential
for real-time cardiac monitoring applications in diagnostic systems and wearable
devices.

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Author Biographies

Pooja Debbarma, Research Scholar

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli-791109, Arunachal Pradesh, India

Rajesh Kumar, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology

Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli-791109, Arunachal Pradesh, India

M.M. Dixit, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology

Professor, Department of Mathematics, North Eastern Regional Institute of
Science and Technology, Nirjuli-791109, Arunachal Pradesh, India

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