Effects of duplication operations on signless laplacian spectrum and network measures

Fareeha  Hanif; Ali  Raza

doi:10.5269/bspm.79110

Fareeha Hanif
Ali Raza

Abstract

This article investigates the spectral properties of graphs under vertex and edge duplication, analyzing how these operations affect the eigenvalues of Signless Laplacian operators. We derive the spectra for graphs with duplicated vertices and edges, and evaluate key invariants such as Kirchhoff index, global mean-first passage time, and spanning tree counts. Our results link structural graph transformations to their spectral outcomes, offering insights for graph-based modeling in network science.

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