Thermal and Flow Behavior of Para n-Based MoO2, Ag, and Cu Nano uids in Rotating Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Systems

Thermal Flow of Paraffin-Based MoO$_2$, Ag, Cu Nanofluids

Abstract

This study investigates the thermal performance of silver (Ag), copper (Cu), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS$_2$) nanoparticles dispersed in paraffin (Pfin) as the base fluid, forming a hybrid nanofluid subjected to three-dimensional rotating flow. The analysis incorporates slip and convective boundary conditions to capture realistic flow behavior. The hybrid nanofluid system Ag--MoS$_2$--Cu/Pfin is examined with particular emphasis on its influence on heat and mass transport characteristics. An order-reduction numerical algorithm is employed to obtain approximate solutions of the governing flow equations. The effects of key physical parameters are analyzed through graphical and tabular representations of velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles, along with corresponding variations in skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number. The results reveal that the incorporation of Ag--MoS$_2$--Cu nanoparticles into paraffin significantly enhances heat transfer rates. Moreover, rotational effects play a critical role in modifying the thermal boundary layer, where increasing rotation intensifies boundary layer thickness. A comparative assessment shows that MoS$_2$ nanoparticles exhibit superior heat transfer performance relative to Ag and Cu, highlighting their effectiveness in thermal management applications.