Thermal and mass transport in Maxwell-Boger nanofluid flow through a variable porous medium with endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions

Abstract

Riga surface with a variable porous medium plays a vital role in boundary layer flow and flow separation, and its major applications are found in submarines, biomedical, and aircraft. Therefore, the current work examines the impact of activation energy and a variable porous medium via a Riga surface in the existence of Maxwell-Boger nanofluid with endothermic/exothermic chemical reactions, active and passive control of nanoparticles. The similarity transformations are utilized for transforming partial differential equations into dimensionless ordinary differential equations. Additionally, the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg 4^th 5^th order and shooting methods are used to resolve the reduced equations, and engineering factors were also examined.  Graphical analysis is used to analyse the behaviour of dimensionless factors with their profiles. Notable findings reveal that an increment in activation energy, a drop in temperature in the exothermic, and a rise in the endothermic cases. For increasing values of the porous parameter, velocity profile drops. Streamline patterns and isothermal contours are also illustrated.