Toxicogenetic effects are involved in the occurrence of imbibitional damage in soybean seeds
Abstract
Soybean represents a valuable source of food for humans and animals and the quality of the seeds has great importance for the establishment and high productivity of this crop. Soybean seeds require continuous improvement, which is dependent on a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate seed germination. To investigate whether the method of water absorption into soybean seeds could lead to abnormal seedlings, and if this could be associated with cytogenetical consequences, we premoistened the seeds of three cultivars; M 6410 IPRO, M6210 IPRO, and BMX Potência RR by direct immersion (fast method), use of a wet substrate (intermediate method), and by moist atmosphere (slow method) with distilled water at 25ºC for 24 hours. We investigated the normal and abnormal seedlings, electrical conductivity, mitosis, cell death, and the chromosomal abnormalities index. The comet assay was applied to investigate DNA fragmentation. Direct immersion in water induced seedling growth inhibition and caused cytological alterations associated with genotoxicity effects in the studied soybean genotypes. Slow premoistening of the seeds increased seedling performance as a result of higher final germination percentage (above 85%), reduced abnormal seedlings (below 5%, on average), and reduced the electrical conductivity of seeds. All three genotypes of soybean seeds lost their ability to withstand the imbibitional damage induced by direct immersion as abnormal seedlings increased. We concluded that the fast water absorption by seeds poses a threat to genomic integrity owing to its potential for genotoxicity to DNA, manifesting as breaks or loss of whole chromosomes. Slow premoistening of the seeds resulted in a longer time period to deal with damage. Stabilized seedling growth was provided by altering cytogenetic responses during uptake of water by soybean seeds through the maintenance of cell viability.
Downloads
References
Balestrazzi, A., Confalonieri, M., Macovei, A., & Carbonera, D. (2011). Seed imbibition in Medicago truncatula Gaertn.: expression profiles of DNA repair genes in relation to PEG-mediated stress. Journal of Plant Physiology, 168(7), 706-713. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2010.10.008
Brasil. Ministério da Agricultura e Reforma Agrária. (2009). Regras para análise de sementes. Brasília, DF: Secretaria Nacional de Defesa Agropecuária. Retrieved on May, 2020 from https://www.gov.br/agricultura/pt-br/assuntos/laboratorios/arquivos-publicacoes-laboratorio/regras-para-analise-de-sementes.pdf
Chen, K., & Arora, R. (2013). Priming memory invokes seed stress-tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 94, 33-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.03.005
Cheng, L., Gao, X., Li, S., Shi, M., Javeed, H., Jing, X., ... He, G. (2010). Proteomic analysis of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Meer.] seeds during imbibition at chilling temperature. Molecular Breeding, 26(1), 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-009-9371-y
Ciccia, A., & Elledge, S. J. (2010). The DNA damage response: making it safe to play with knives. Molecular Cell, 40(2), 179-204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2010.09.019
Corbineau, F. (2012). Markers of seed quality: from present to future. Seed Science Research, 22(S1), S61-S68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960258511000419
Dekkers, B. J. W., Costa, M. C. D., Maia, J., Bentsink, L., Ligterink, W., & Hilhorst, H. W. M. (2015). Acquisition and loss of desiccation tolerance in seeds: from experimental model to biological relevance. Planta, 241(3), 563-577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-014-2240-x
Dresch, D. M., Masetto, T. E., & Scalon, S. P. Q. (2015). Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg seed desiccation: influence on vigor and nucleic acids. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 87(4), 2217-2228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140539
El-Maarouf-Bouteau, H., Mazuy, C., Corbineau, F., & Bailly, C. (2011). DNA alteration and programmed cell death during ageing of sunflower seed. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(14), 5003-5011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err198
Finch-Savage, W. E., & Bassel, G. W. (2016). Seed vigour and crop establishment: extending performance beyond adaptation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 67(3), 567-591. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv490
Gimenez, J. I., Amaro, A. C. E., Machado, S. R., & Ferreira, G. (2017). Slow imbibition of Annona emarginata (Annonaceae) seeds: metabolic and ultrastructural evaluations. Botany, 95(11), 1033-1040. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2017-0110
Harashima, H., & Schnittger, A. (2010). The integration of cell division, growth and differentiation. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 13(1), 66-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2009.11.001
International Seed Testing Association [ISTA]. (2016). International rules for seed testing. Bassersdorf, CH: ISTA.
Koizumi, M., Kikuchi, K., Isobe, S., Ishida, N., Naito, S., & Kano, H. (2008). Role of seed coat in imbibing soybean seeds observed by micro-magnetic resonance imaging. Annals of Botany, 102(3), 343-352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn095
Kranner, I., Minibayeva, F. V., Beckett, R. P., & Seal, C. E. (2010). What is stress? Concepts, definitions and applications in seed science. New Phytologist, 188(3), 655-673. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03461.x
Leme, D. M., & Marin-Morales, M. A. (2009). Allium cepa test in environmental monitoring: A review on its application. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 682(1), 71-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2009.06.002
Macovei, A., Pagano, A., Leonetti, P., Carbonera, D., Balestrazzi, A., & Araújo, S. S. (2017). Systems biology and genome-wide approaches to unveil the molecular players involved in the pre-germinative metabolism: implications on seed technology traits. Plant Cell Reports, 36(5), 669-688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-016-2060-5
Marcos Filho, J. (2015). Seed vigor testing: an overview of the past, present and future perspective. Scientia Agricola, 72(4), 363-374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0007
Masetto, T. E., & Faria, J. M. R. (2019). In situ DNA fragmentation during the re-establishment of desiccation tolerance in germinated seeds of Cedrela fissilis Vell. Journal of Seed Science, 41(2), 244-249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v42n2207417
Meneguetti, D. U. O., Silva, F. C., Zan, R. A., & Ramos, L. J. (2012). Adaptation of the micronucleus technique in Allium cepa, for mutagenicity analysis of the Jamari River valley, western Amazon, Brazil. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology, 2, 2161-0525. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000127
Meyer, C. J., Steudle, E., & Peterson, C. A. (2007). Patterns and kinetics of water uptake by soybean seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58(3), 717-732. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erl244
Nonogaki, H. (2006). Seed germination – the biochemical and molecular mechanisms. Breeding Science, 56(2), 93-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.56.93
Osborne, D. J., & Boubriak, I. (2002). Telomeres and their relevance to the life and death of seeds. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 21(2), 127-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0735-260291044214
Pantelias, G. E., & Terzoudi, G. I. (2010). Functional cell-cycle chromatin conformation changes in the presence of DNA damage result into chromatid breaks: a new insight in the formation of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations based on the direct observation of interphase chromatin. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 701(1), 27-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.04.006
Perán, R., Pammenter, N. W., Naicker, J., & Berjak, P. (2004). The influence of rehydration technique on the response of recalcitrant seed embryos to desiccation. Seed Science Research, 14(2), 179-184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/SSR2004167
Shaltiel, I. A., Krenning, L., Bruinsma, W., & Medema, R. H. (2015). The same, only different – DNA damage checkpoints and their reversal throughout the cell cycle. Journal of Cell Science, 128(4), 607-620. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.163766
Silva, K. B., Bruzi, A. T., Zambiazzi, E. V., Soares, I. O., Pereira, J. L. A. R., & Carvalho, M. L. M. (2017). Adaptability and stability of soybean cultivars for grain yield and seed quality. Genetics and Molecular Research, 16(2), gmr16029646. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr16029646
Sliwinska, E. (2009). Nuclear DNA replication and seed quality. Seed Science Research, 19(1), 15-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960258508186275
Souza, J. P., Sposito, J. C. V., Crispim, B. A., Silva, F. G., Oliveira, K. M. P., Kummrow, F., ... Barufatti, A. (2019). From collection to discharge: physical, chemical, and biological analyses for fish farm water quality monitoring. Ecotoxicology, 28(1), 13-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-018-1991-8
Umeda, M., Aki, S. S., & Takahashi, N. (2019). Gap 2 phase: making the fundamental decision to divide or not. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 51, 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2019.03.001
Varier, A., Vari, A. K., & Dadlani, M. (2010). The subcellular basis of seed priming. Current Science, 99(4), 450-456.
Ventura, L., Donà, M., Macovei, A., Carbonera, D., Buttafava, A., Mondoni, A., ... Balestrazzi, A. (2012). Understanding the molecular pathways associated with seed vigor. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 60, 196-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.07.031
Waterworth, W. M., Bray, C. M., & West, C. E. (2015). The importance of safeguarding genome integrity in germination and seed longevity. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66(12), 3549-3558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv080
Weitbrecht, K., Müller, K., & Leubner-Metzger, G. (2011). First off the mark: Early seed germination. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(10), 3289-3309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err030
Yu, X., Li, A., & Li, W. (2015). How membranes organize during seed germination: three patterns of dynamic lipid remodelling define chilling resistance and affect plastid biogenesis. Plant, Cell & Environment, 38(7), 1391-1403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12494
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY AND COPYRIGHTS
I Declare that current article is original and has not been submitted for publication, in part or in whole, to any other national or international journal.
The copyrights belong exclusively to the authors. Published content is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) guidelines, which allows sharing (copy and distribution of the material in any medium or format) and adaptation (remix, transform, and build upon the material) for any purpose, even commercially, under the terms of attribution.
