Jamun (Syzygium cumini) seed and orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extracts ameliorates toxic effects of lead on kidney biomarkers in rats
Abstract
Wistar rats were treated as Group A: Control; Group B: Lead (50 mg kg-1 b wt.); Group C: Lead (50 mg kg-1 b wt.) and jamun seed extract (JSE) (200 mg kg-1 b wt.); Group D: Lead (50 mg kg-1 b wt.) and orange peel extract (OPE) (200 mg kg-1 b wt.); Group E: OPE (200 mg kg-1 b wt.) and Group F: JSE (200 mg kg-1 b wt.). Serum urea, creatinine and serum uric acid levels were analyzed on days 7 and 14. Rats from Group B showed increased serum creatinine from days 7 to 14. Creatinine level decreased in group C and group D at days 7 and 14 as compared to group B. Increased serum urea was recorded in group B rats from 7 days. Rat from group C or group D showed decreased serum urea after days 7 day and 14 as compared to Group B. Lead exposure to rats provoked increased serum uric acid on days 7 and 14. Uric acid decreased in group C and group D on days 7 and 14 as compared to rats of group B. No alteration in creatinine, urea and uric acid level was seen in OPE and JSE treated rats at days 7 and 14.
Downloads
References
Abbas, T., Ahmad, K. R., Asmatullah, Lone, K. P., Kanwal, M. A., & Suleman, S. (2016). Reno-hepatic protective effects of Jambul against chromium induced anomalies in mice. Punjab University Journal of Zoology, 31(1), 59-67.
AbdEl-Gwaad, H. M. S., El-Wahab, H. M. F. A., Mohamed, E. A. K., Sharaf, E. H. A. A., & Osman, A. A. H. M. (2020). Modulatory effect of dry orange (citrus sinensis) peel powder on bisphenol A-induced hepatic and splenic toxicity in rats. The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 81(49). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-020-00183-x
Abdulshaheed, H. G., Al-Kurdy, M. J. J., & Abbas, G. A. (2021). Effects of lead toxicity on renal biochemical indices before and after treatment with Pimpinella anisum aqueous extract. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 25(4), 4943-4949.
Ajobola, I. O., Adenike, S. F., Afolabi, S. A., Toba, A. A., Olayinka, A. J., Jamiu, A. M., … Stephen, A. O. (2019). Cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos raises serum urea level and causes abnormal sperm morphology in Wistar rats. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 9(3), 3969-3973. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC93.969973
Akhitha, N., Raghavendra, M., & Kumar, M. V. K. (2019). Protective effect of Bauhinia Tomentosa L. extract against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar male albino rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 10(3), 1412-1419. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.10(3).1412-19
Alfarajat, S. M. F., Mostafa, M. E., Abdel-Mogib, M., El-Gayar, H. A., & El-Khawaga, O. Y. (2023). Reno-protective effect of Citrus sinensis by regulating antioxidant capability and gene expression in adenine-induced chronic kidney in rats. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 13(4), 349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC134.349
Alum, E. U., Famurewa, A. C., Orji, O. U., Aja, P. M., Nwite, F., Ohuche, S. E., … Chima, S. F. (2023). Nephroprotective effects of Datura stramonium leaves against methotrexate nephrotoxicity via attenuation of oxidative stress-mediated inflammation and apoptosis in rats. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 13(4), 377-387. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22038/AJP.2023.21903
Amriza, M. Z., Rita, R. S., & Elmatris, S. (2022). Java Plum (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) leaf extract lowers serum urea levels in lead-acetate-induced rats. PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia, 19(2), 274-281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30595/pharmacy.v19i2.13611
Ashour, A. E. R. A., Yassin, M. M., Aasi, N. M. A., & Ali, R. M. (2007). Blood, serum glucose and renal parameters in lead-loaded albino rats and treatment with some chelating agents and natural oils. Turkish Journal of Biology, 31(1), 25-34.
Aung, S., Talib, N. A., Abdullah, N. Z., Zainone, Z. M., Harun, N., Noor, N. M., & Razak, T. A. (2020). The effects of chronic low dose exposure of chlorpyrifos on the rat kidney. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 19(1), 43-51.
Azzaz, N., El-Kholy, S. E. E., & Ramadan, O. I. (2022). Protective effects of Nigella sativa and Propolis against cadmium or lead induced nephrotoxicity: An experimental histological and biochemical study. International Journal of Medical Arts, 4(3), 2235-2242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/ijma.2022.113892.1423
Banaee, M., Impellitteri, F., Multisanti, C. R., Sureda, A., Arfuso, F., Piccione, G., & Faggio, C. (2023). Evaluating silymarin extract as a potent antioxidant supplement in diazinon-exposed rainbow trout: oxidative stress and biochemical parameter analysis. Toxics, 11(9), 737. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090737
Bhattacharjee, A., Kulkarni, V. H., Chakraborty, M., Habbu, P. V., & Ray, A. (2021). Ellagic acid restored lead-induced nephrotoxicity by anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and free radical scavenging activities. Heliyon, 7(1), e05921. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05921
Dai, H., Huang, Z., Deng, Q., Li, Y., Xiao, T., Ning, X., … Yuan, H. (2015). The effects of lead exposure on serum uric acid and hyperuricemia in chinese adults: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(8), 9672-9682. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120809672
Eivani, M., Zareian, P., Ghahari, L., Dadpay, M., & Shojaee, S. (2023). The effect of Melissa officinalis hydro alcoholic extract on liver enzymes, markers of kidney function and testosterone in lead poisoned rats. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 30(1), 40-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34172/jkmu.2023.06
Ekhator, O. C., Osarumwense, E. P., Akowe, A. B., Egbe, U. J., Aghedo, N. O., Omozuwa, O. P., & Ekhator, C. M. (2022). Antioxidant and chelating effects of Citrus sinensis peel extract on wistar rats administered with lead and cadmium. Bio-Research, 20(3), 1638-1648. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/br.v20i3.1
El-Desoky, G. E., Wabaidur, S. M., AlOthman, Z. A., & Habila, M. A. (2022). Evaluation of Nano-curcumin effects against Tartrazine-induced abnormalities in liver and kidney histology and other biochemical parameters. Food Science & Nutrition, 10(5), 1344-1356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2790
Elgazar, A. F., Shalaby, M. A., & Ibrahem, E. S. (2023). Potential effectiveness of flesh-red dragon fruit juice in the improvement of consequence injury from lead acetate-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 14(3), 894-906. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2023.14.03.116
El-Rahman, G. I. A., Ahmed, S. A. A., Khalil, A. A., & Abd-Elhakim, Y. M. (2019). Assessment of hematological, hepato-renal, antioxidant, and hormonal responses of Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of oxyfluorfen. Aquatic Toxicology, 217, 105329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105329
Eruotor, H. O., Asiwe, J. N., & Eruotor, T. M. (2023). Cymbopogon citratus protect against lead-induced suppression of haematological and tubuloglomerular functions as well as disruption of hepatocellular membranes in male Wistar rats. Journal of Trace Elements and Minerals, 3, 100045. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemin.2022.100045
Hamed, H. (2016). Ameliorative effects of Spirulina platensis on deltamethrin-induced biochemical alterations and oxidative stress in the african catfish; Clarias gariepinus. Open Journal of Marine Science, 6(1), 1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojms.2016.61001
Ilesanmi, O. B., & Adeogun, E. O. (2022). Nephroprotective effect of Ipomoea cairica leaf extract against cadmium-induced renal damage. Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 37(4), 282-288.
Inayat, I., Ahmad, S. N., Suleman, S., Siddique, S., Ali, R., Shameem, S., … Ahmad, K. R. (2022). Study of histo-curative potential of jambul (Syzygium cumini) fruit pulp extract in mice kidney under chromic lead (Pb) exposure. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Series B: Biological Sciences, 65B(3), 222-227.
Kobroob, A., Peerapanyasut, W., Chattipakorn, N., & Wongmekiat, O. (2018). Damaging effects of Bisphenol A on the kidney and the protection by melatonin: Emerging evidences from in vivo and in vitro studies. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018, 3082438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3082438
Kucukler, S., Benzer, F., Yildirim, S., Gur, C., Kandemir, F. M., Bengu, A. S., … Dortbudak, M. B. (2021). Protective effects of chrysin against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by lead acetate in rat kidneys: a biochemical and histopathological approach. Biological Trace Element Research, 199(4), 1501-1514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02268-8
Kumar, M., & Thakur, R. (2018). Syzygium cumini seed extract ameliorates arsenic-induced blood cell genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 7(1), 110-118.
Kumar, M., Zhang, B., Nishad, J., Verma, A., Sheri, V., Dhumal, S., … Lorenzo, J. M. (2022) Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) seed: A review on nutritional profile, functional food properties, health-promoting applications, and safety aspects. Processes, 10(11), 2169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112169
Lukasz, D., Skowron, B., Baranowska, A., Płoszaj, K., Bądziul, D., & Thor, P. (2017). The influence of oxazaphosphorine agents on kidney function in rats. Medicina, 53(3), 179-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medici.2017.05.004
Medina, M. F., González, M. E., Klyver, S. M. R., & Odstrcil, I. M. A. (2016). Histopathological and biochemical changes in the liver, kidney, and blood of amphibians intoxicated with cadmium. Turkish Journal of Biology, 40(1), 229-238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1505-72
Mohamed, N. A. E., Tohamy, A. A., Elgamal, B., & Moneim, A. E. A. (2014). Ameliorative effect of citrus peel extract on castration-induced oxidative stress in liver and kidney of rats. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 4(7), 064-068. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2014.40711
Mohammed, G. M., Sedky, A., & Elsawy, H. (2017). A study of the modulating action of quercetin on biochemical and histological alterations induced by lead exposure in the liver and kidney of rats. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 60(3), 183-190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4077/CJP.2017.BAF439
Mostafa, T., Atef, K., & el Din, M. (2022). Protective effects of royal jelly against hepatorenal toxicity induced by deltamethrin in male albino rats: biochemical and histopathological studies. SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 5(3), 18-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/svu.2022.120519.1178
Owumi, S. E., Arunsi, U. O., Oyewumi, O. M., & Altayyar, A. (2022). Accidental lead in contaminated pipe-borne water and dietary furan intake perturbs rats' hepatorenal function altering oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic balance. BMC Pharmacology Toxicology, 23(1), 76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-022-00615-0
Qadir, S., Latif, A., Ali, M., & Iqbal, F. (2014). Effects of Imidacloprid on the Hematological and Serum Biochemical Profile of Labeo rohita. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 46(4), 1085-1090.
Qamar, M., Akhtar, S., Ismail, T., Wahid, M., Abbas, M. W., Mubarak, M. S., … Esatbeyoglu, T. (2022). Phytochemical profile, biological properties, and food applications of the medicinal plant Syzygium cumini. Foods, 11(3), 378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11030378
Rahayu, M. S., Wahyuni, S., Fitriani, I., & Agung, H. B. (2022). Effect of tartrazine on blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels, and renal tubular necrosis in adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus): an experimental study. Bali Medical Journal, 11(3), 1755-1759. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i3.3663
Ritchie, H. (2022). Many countries have eliminated lead from paint. How do we achieve the same everywhere? Our World in Data. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/lead-paint
Roy, S., Pradhan, S., Das, K., Mandal, A., Mandal, S., Patra, A., … Nandi, D. K. (2015). Acetaminophen induced kidney failure in rats: A dose response study. Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(4), 187-193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2015.187.193
Sarma, S. (2014). Role of Syzygium cumini seed-extract on streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type-2 diabetes of Albino Rat. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 2(4), 125-131.
Sharma, B., Siddiqui, S., Kumar, S. S., Ram, G., & Chaudhary, M. (2013). Liver protective effects of aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini in Swiss albino mice on alloxan induced diabetes mellitus. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 6(8), 853-858. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopr.2013.07.020
Sobolev, V. E., Sokolova, M. O., Jenkins, R. O., & Goncharov, N. V. (2021). Nephrotoxic effects of paraoxon in three rat models of acute intoxication. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(24), 13625. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413625
Srivastava, B. D., Srivastava, M., Srivastav, S. K., Urata, M., Suzuki, N., & Srivastav, A. K. (2021a). Cypermethrin-induced alterations in serum calcium and phosphate of rats: protective role of jamun seed and orange peel extracts. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 14(3), 417-422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54319/jjbs/140306
Srivastava, B. D., Srivastava, M., Srivastav, S. K., Urata, M., Suzuki, N., & Srivastav, A. K. (2021b). Protective effects of jamun (Syzygium cumini) seed and orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extracts against cypermethrin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 11, 101492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32527/2021/101492
Srivastava, B., & Reddy, P. B. (2020). Haematological and serum biomarker responses in Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to Bisphenol A. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 19(4), 1577-1584. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46488/NEPT.2020.v19i04.024
SunderRaj, A. J., & Ananthapadmanaban, D. (2024) Environmental aspects of lead free soldering and study of legislations banning lead based solders in different countries. Environmental Science Archives, III(1), 87-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10717758
Swami, S. B., Thakor, N. S. J., Patil, M. M., & Haldankar, P. M. (2012). Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.)): a review of its food and medicinal uses. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3(8), 1100-1117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2012.38146
Thuong, H. N. T., Lan, C. T. N., Van, T. T., Thanh, H. N. T., & Ke, Q. T. (2023). Effect of lead on hematological parameters and histopathology of the liver, kidney and spleen of female albino mice. Asian Journal of Health Sciences, 9(1), ID52. DOI: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15419/ajhs.v9i1.523
Uthra, C., Reshi, M. S., Jaswal, A., Yadav, D., Shrivastava, S., Sinha, N., & Shukla, S. (2022). Protective efficacy of rutin against acrylamide-induced oxidative stress, biochemical alterations and histopathological lesions in rats. Toxicology Research, 11(1), 215-225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfab125
Yadav, R. P., Kushwaha, V. B., & Srivastav, S. K. (2023). Toxicity of cadmium and lead in mammal: a brief review. International Journal of Zoological Investigations, 9(2), 722-729. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2023.v09i02.081
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY AND COPYRIGHTS
- I Declare that current article is original and has not been submitted for publication, in part or in whole, to any other national or international journal.
The copyrights belong exclusively to the authors. Published content is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) guidelines, which allows sharing (copy and distribution of the material in any medium or format) and adaptation (remix, transform, and build upon the material) for any purpose, even commercially, under the terms of attribution.
Read this link for further information on how to use CC BY 4.0 properly.
