Novel objects placed in feeder increase the feeding time of foals fed concentrate feed
Resumo
This study aimed to evaluate the feeding time and reactivity of male and female foals exposed to novel objects (seven plastic balls measuring 8 cm in diameter) placed inside the feeder. Eleven mixed-breed foals (males = 6; 316 ± 42 kg of BW, females = 5; 290 ± 35 kg of BW) were used. The amount of concentrate feed was calculated using 2000 g kg-1 BW for males and 1500 g kg-1 BW for females. Behavioral variables were assessed using a scoring system. Data on time spent feeding were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis (p < 0.05) and compared using the PROC REG procedure of SAS (with object = without object). A line of equality (y = x) was used to test correlations. The behavioral model was fitted by a generalized linear model using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS, and means were compared (p < 0.05) by t-tests. Feeding time differed between sexes (males = 23.7 ± 4.8 min., females = 19.5 ± 3.1 min.), attributed to the longer time spent by males in attentive behavior when plastic balls were placed in the feeders. There was no effect on composite behavioral score. Both males (18.37%) and females (14.29%) were classified as calm while feeding in feeders with unfamiliar objects. By adding plastic balls to the feeder, it was possible to increase the feeding time of foals fed concentrate feed.
Downloads
Referências
Burla, J.-B., Ostertag, A., Patt, A., Bachmann, I., & Hillmann, E. (2016). Effects of feeding management and group composition on agonistic behaviour of group-housed horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 176, 32-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APPLANIM.2016.01.011
Calviello, R. F., Titto, C. G., Titto, E. A. L., Infante, P., Leme, T. M. C., & Pereira, A. M. F. (2015). Evaluation of reactivity of horses in the presence of unknown stimulus. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 52(2), 167-172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.v52i2p167-172
Calviello, R. F., Titto, E. A. L., Infante, P., Leme-dos-Santos, T. M. C., Chiquitelli Neto, M., Pereira, A. M. F., & Titto, C. G. (2016). Proposal and validation of a scale of composite measure reactivity score to characterize the reactivity in horses during handling. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 47, 62-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2016.08.009
Clarke, L. L., Roberts, M. C., & Argenzio, R. A. (1990). Feeding and digestive problems in horses: physiologic responses to a concentrated meal. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, 6(2), 433-450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30550-3
Correa, M. G., Silva, C. F. R., Dias, L. A., Rocha Junior, S. S., Thomes, F. R., Lago, L. A., ... Faleiros, R. R. (2020). Welfare benefits after the implementation of slow-feeder hay bags for stabled horses. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 38, 61-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2020.05.010
Elia, J. B., Erb, H. N., & Houpt, K. A. (2010). Motivation for hay: effects of a pelleted diet on behavior and physiology of horses. Physiology & Behavior, 101(5), 623-627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2010.09.010
Ellis, A. D., Fell, M., Luck, K., Gill, L., Owen, H., Briars, H., ... Harris, P. (2015). Effect of forage presentation on feed intake behaviour in stabled horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 165, 88-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APPLANIM.2015.01.010
Gülden, A., Zurmussen, H. S., & Büscher, W. (2018). The effect of different feeding regimes on horses' blocking and activity behavior at a concentrate feeding station for horses in group housing. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 24, 27-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2017.12.006
Hothersall, B., & Nicol, C. (2009). Role of diet and feeding in normal and stereotypic behaviors in horses. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, 25(1), 167-181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2009.01.002
Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of psychology. New York, NY: New York University.
Malamed, R., Berger, J., Bain, M. J., Kass, P., & Spier, S. J. (2010). Retrospective evaluation of crib-biting and windsucking behaviours and owner-perceived behavioural traits as risk factors for colic in horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, 42(8), 686-692. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00096.x
McDonnell, S. M., & Poulin, A. (2002). Equid play ethogram. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 78(2-4), 263-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00112-0
Nelder, J. A., & Wedderburn, R. W. M. (1972). Generalized linear models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (General), 135(3), 370-384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2344614
Ninomiya, S., Sato, S., & Sugawara, K. (2007). Weaving in stabled horses and its relationship to other behavioural traits. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 106(1-3), 134-143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APPLANIM.2006.06.014
National Research Council [NRC]. (2007). Nutrient requirements of horses (6th ed., rev.). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Ribeiro, L. B., Matzkeit, T. V., Nicolau, J. T. S., Castilha, L. D., Oliveira, F. C. L., & Bankuti, F. I. (2019). Determinants of undesirable behaviors in american quarter horses housed in box stalls. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 80, 69-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.07.005
Roberts, K., Hemmings, A. J., McBride, S. D., & Parker, M. O. (2017). Causal factors of oral versus locomotor stereotypy in the horse. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 20, 37-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JVEB.2017.05.003
Rochais, C., Henry, S., & Hausberger, M. (2018). “Hay-bags” and “Slow feeders”: testing their impact on horse behaviour and welfare. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 198, 52-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APPLANIM.2017.09.019
Sarrafchi, A., & Blokhuis, H. J. (2013). Equine stereotypic behaviors: causation, occurrence, and prevention. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 8(5), 386-394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JVEB.2013.04.068
Vervuert, I., Voigt, K., Hollands, T., Cuddeford, D., & Coenen, M. (2009). Effect of feeding increasing quantities of starch on glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in healthy horses. The Veterinary Journal, 182(1), 67-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.04.011
DECLARAÇÃO DE ORIGINALIDADE E DIREITOS AUTORAIS
Declaro que o presente artigo é original, não tendo sido submetido à publicação em qualquer outro periódico nacional ou internacional, quer seja em parte ou em sua totalidade.
Os direitos autorais pertencem exclusivamente aos autores. Os direitos de licenciamento utilizados pelo periódico é a licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0): são permitidos o compartilhamento (cópia e distribuição do material em qualqer meio ou formato) e adaptação (remix, transformação e criação de material a partir do conteúdo assim licenciado para quaisquer fins, inclusive comerciais.
Recomenda-se a leitura desse link para maiores informações sobre o tema: fornecimento de créditos e referências de forma correta, entre outros detalhes cruciais para uso adequado do material licenciado.
