Review Midgut microbial diversity and their role in insect pest management

Abstract

Insects, with over a million species, exhibit intricate associations with microorganisms, particularly in their gut microbiota. The insect gut microbiota, comprising bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, significantly influences nutrient digestion, metabolism and immune system modulation. From harmful parasites to beneficial mutualists, symbiotic associations impact insect development and adaptability, with specific microbial communities highlighted across various species. The composition of insect gut microbiomes, shaped by factors like insect development and ecological conditions. Additionally, insect gut microbes serve as taxonomic markers, aiding accurate species identification, even in challenging taxonomic groups. The potential of gut microbes in pest management is explored, spanning biopesticides, symbiotic relationships for pest suppression and microbial endophytes in plant defense. Advances in microbial genomics enable precision targeting within the insect gut microbiome, offering tailored interventions and emphasizing ecological considerations for sustainable deployment. In summary, this detailed understanding of insect-microbe interactions holds promise for innovative and sustainable pest management strategies, revolutionizing approaches to agriculture and ecological management. This review explores the diverse roles of midgut bacterial diversity in insect pest management, covering physiological aspects within the insect host and ecological implications for pest populations.