Impact of COVID-19 on cutaneous leishmaniasis trend in Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil

Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a serious parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, transmitted by the bite of infected sandflies. This study analyzes the time series of CL in the municipality of Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil, between 2016 and 2023, focusing on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) were used and statistical analyses of segmented regression and interrupted time series were applied. The pandemic significantly affected CL control programs, resulting in a sharp drop in diagnoses and underreporting of cases. In Araguaína, the incidence of CL increased until 2019, followed by a stabilization at low levels during the pandemic period. However, Tocantins as a whole showed a more pronounced reduction, suggesting greater effectiveness of control measures at the state level. The study highlights the importance of strengthening awareness and vector control campaigns to mitigate the impacts of CL, especially in vulnerable regions. It is concluded that CL control requires an integrated approach that considers the specific socioeconomic and environmental conditions of each region.