Mathematical and Geospatial Modelling of Urban Expansion Using Land Use/Land Cover Change in Jhajjar City, Haryana

Bharat Bhushan; Surender  Singh

doi:10.5269/bspm.83175

Authors

Bharat Bhushan Lovely Professional University
Surender Singh Lovely Professional University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5269/bspm.83175

Abstract

One of the most dominant spatial processes in the transformation of land surfaces in newly emerging cities in India is urban expansion. The current research focuses on the pattern and extent of urban growth in the newly emerging city of Jhajjar, located in the State of Haryana. A mathematical and geospatial modeling technique using the Land Use Land Cover (LULC) change analysis is applied to understand the pattern and extent of urban growth. Multitemporal Landsat 8 and 9 OLI and TIRS Collection 2 Level 2 data for 2015, 2020, and 2025 were downloaded from the USGS Earth Explorer platform. Supervised classification using the Maximum Likelihood Classification algorithm is applied to the selected data to classify the land surface into four major land cover classes, namely Built-up Area, Vegetation, Barren Land, and Water Bodies. From the analysis, it is evident that the built-up area is showing rapid growth, with the extent of built-up area increasing from 3.34 km² (37%) in the year 2015 to 6.85 km² (76%) in the year 2025. Simultaneously, the vegetation cover is showing a sharp decline in the year 2025, with the extent of vegetation cover reducing to 0.69 km² (8%) from 4.62 km² (51%) in the year 2015. Moreover, the extent of water bodies and barren lands is also showing significant changes. Using the mathematical model, the Urban Growth Rate (UGR), Land Use Change Rate (LUCR), and Annual Expansion Rate (AER) were applied to the data to understand the urban transformation. From the analysis, it is evident that the Urban Growth Rate is 105.09%, with the average annual expansion being 0.351 km².

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