Luta estratégica para obter lealdades: discurso e políticas em direção a huaqiao华侨 através de relatórios de conferência na China (1951-1953)
Résumé
No contexto da Guerra Fria, são analisados os relatórios das conferências relacionadas aos Huaqiao, ou chineses estrangeiros, entre 1951 e 1953. Esse foi um período inicial de políticas divididas entre as comunidades chinesas no exterior, entre o governo da República Popular da China e Guomindang, em Taiwan. Mais do que apoiar as populações chinesas no exterior, enfrentando dinâmicas de exclusão e discriminação nos países em que residiam, esses governos chineses encontraram nos compatriotas estrangeiros um cenário de luta por lealdade através de discursos e estratégias políticas.
Téléchargements
Les données sur le téléchargement ne sont pas encore disponible.
Références
Primary sources
Central Intelligence Agency
CIA. Communist Conferences on Overseas Chinese Affairs (n.d.), China, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP82-00457R006100590006-8, Oct. 30, 1950.
CIA. Chinese Communist Efforts to Obtain Investments from Overseas Chinese (n.d.), China, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP82-00457R013600160005-3, Sep. 1, 1952.
CIA. Chinese Representatives from Japan to Overseas Affairs Meeting (n.d.), Taipei, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP82-00457R014700330001-6, Nov. 10, 1952.
CIA. Chinese Communist Efforts to Contact Overseas Chinese (n.d.), China, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP82-00457R016300350005-2, Feb. 5, 1953.
CIA. China Press Agency Broadcasts to Overseas Chinese. 2 Oct. 1952. Bangkok, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100174-6, Jan. 8, 1953.
CIA. Communist Party Activities in Panama. (n.d.). Panama, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP80-00810A000900150009-7, Apr. 20, 1953.
CIA. Five Pro-KMT Chinese Cultural Organizations in Djakarta. 8 Aug-17 Nov. 1952. Jakarta, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP80-00809A000700220234-3, Apr. 24, 1953.
CIA. Loans to Overseas Chinese for Return to Overseas Places of Residence. (n.d.), China, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP80-00810A001600200005-7, Jul. 3, 1953.
CIA. Chinese Communist Government Propaganda Efforts Aimed at Overseas Chinese, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP80-00810A002100690009-4, Aug. 25, 1953.
CIA. Propaganda Among Chinese Abroad. (n.d.) PRC, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP80-00809A000500800078-5, Feb. 9, 1954.
CIA. Worldwide Overseas Chinese Population Figures, (n.d.) (S.l.), General CIA Records, CIA-RDP78-02771R000300310001-1, Feb. 1954.
CIA. The Pattern of Communist Movements in Southeast Asia, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP62-00864R000200250002-3, Apr. 16, 1954.
CIA. The Chinese Minority in Indonesia. General CIA Records, CIA-RDP78-02646R000200070001-8, Sept. 1958.
Foreign Office: Confidential Print, United Kingdom
BEST, A. British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print. Part V, From 1951 through 1956. Series E, Asia, 1952. Paul Preston and Michael Partridge (Gral. Eds.), vol. 3, LexisNexis, 2006.
Renmin Ribao digital newspaper library
七百零三归国华侨学生。七百零三名归国华侨学生热烈祝贺和平会议。人民日报，北京， 1952年10月21日第2版。
[SEVEN HUNDRED and three returning overseas Chinese students, Seven hundred and three returned Chinese students from overseas warmly congratulate the Peace Conference. Renmin Ribao, Beijing, Oct.10, 1952, p.2.]
新华社。最高人民法院 最高人民检察署 法制委员会 民族事务委员会 华侨事务委员会 五机构昨相继成立 推定专人负责起草组织条例。人民日报，北京，1949年10月23日，第1版。
[XINHUASHE. FIVE institutions with their organization regulations were established yesterday: Supreme People’s Court, Supreme People’s Procuratorate, Legal Committee, National Affairs Committee, Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee. Renmin Ribao, Beijing, Oct. 23, 1949, p.1]
新华社。中央华侨事务委员会召开侨务扩大会议 就全国人民代表大会华侨代表名额的分分配作出决定。人民日报，北京，1953年11月24日，第3版。
[XINHUASHE. The Central Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee held an enlarged meeting of overseas Chinese affairs to make a decision on the distribution of the quota of overseas Chinese representatives of the National People’s Congress. Renmin Ribao, Beijing, Nov. 24, 1953. p. 3]
新华社。中央人民政府华侨事务委员会 召开首次侨务扩大会议 通过廖承志副主任委员关于侨务工作的报告等。人民日报，北京， 1951年7月12日，第1版
[XINHUASHE. The Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee of the Central People’s Government held the first meeting of overseas Chinese affairs. The report of the vice chairman of Liao Chengzhi on overseas Chinese affairs was reported. Renmin Ribao, Beijing, Jul. 12, 1951. p.1]
The New York Times digital newspaper library
LIEBERMAN, Henry. Overseas Chinese back Chiang policy. The New York Times, New York, Oct. 31, 1952, p. 2.
THE OVERSEAS Chinese. The New York Times, New York, Nov. 1, 1952, p. 20.
Office of Intelligence Research, Department of State, United States
OIR [Office of Intelligence Research]. Intelligence Report: Achievements of the Chinese Communist Regime during 1952. Department of State, No.6143, Feb. 4, 1953. DDRS-206655-il-4.
Other print and written sources
人民出版社辑。亞洲及太平洋區域和平會議 重要報告及決議，北京：人民出版社, 1952年, 258页。
[RENMINCHUBANSHE (Comp.). Peace Conference of Asia and the Pacific Regions: Main reports and resolutions, Beijing: Renminchubanshe, 1952.]
中國人民保衛世界和平委員會。亞洲及太平洋區域和平會議發起書。中國人民保衛世界和平委員會編。亞洲及太平洋區域和平會議籌備會議，北京：世界知識出版社， 1952年。
[CPDWPC (Chinese People’s for the Defense of the World Peace Committee). Initiation letter at the Preparatory Conference of the Peace Conference of Asia and the Pacific Regions. In: Chinese People’s Committee for the Defense of World Peace (Ed.). Preparatory Conference of the Peace Conference of Asia and the Pacific Regions, Beijing: Shijiezhishichubanshe, 1952]
Secondary sources
ANG SEE, Teresita; ANG SEE, Carmelea. The Rise of China, New Immigrants and Changing Policies on Chinese Overseas: Impact on the Philippines. In: SINGH, Daljit; COOK, Malcolm (ed.) Southeast Asian Affairs 2019. Singapore: ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute Publishing, p. 275-294, 2019.Retrieved from:
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr/docview/2212624655?accountid=28692. Accessed on: Jul. 30, 2019.
CHAN, Shelly. The Disobedient Diaspora: Overseas Chinese Students in Mao’s China, 1958-66. Journal of Chinese Overseas, v. 10, p. 220-238, 2014.
CHANG, C.Y. Overseas Chinese in China’s Policy. The China Quarterly, Cambridge, n. 82, p. 281-303, jun. 1980. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/653065
Accessed on: Mar. 18, 2019.
CHOU, Diego L. La evolución de las políticas del gobierno chino con respecto a los chinos en ultramar (1850-1970). Heredia, C.R.: Escuela de Relaciones Internacionales, UNA, 2003.
CHOU, Diego L. Chile y China: inmigración y relaciones bilaterales (1845-1970). Santiago: Ediciones de la Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Instituto de Historia, Centro de Investigaciones Diego Barros Arana, 2004.
CHRISTIANSEN, Flemming; PETERSON, Glen. Overseas Chinese in the People’s Republic of China. The China Quarterly, Cambridge, v. 210, p. 526-527, Jun. 2012.
Retrieved from:
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr/docview/1022632888?accountid=28692. Accessed on: Aug. 1, 2019.
CLOUGH, Ralph. The PRC, Taiwan, and the Overseas Chinese. Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, n. 12, p. 34-48, fall. 1993.
CORNEJO, Romer. Hacia el mundo contemporáneo. In: BOTTON, Flora (coord.). Historia Mínima de China. México: El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios de Asia y África, p. 299-353, 2010.
FITZGERALD, C.P. The Third China: The Chinese Communities in South-East Asia. Adelaide: Angus and Robertson, 1965.
FITZGERALD, Stephen. Overseas Chinese and the Cultural Revolution. The China Quarterly, Cambridge, n. 40, p. 103-126, Oct-Dec. 1969. Retrieved from:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/651981. Accessed on: Mar.18, 2019.
FITZGERALD, Stephen. China and the Overseas Chinese: Perceptions and Policies. The China Quarterly, Cambridge, n. 44, p. 1-37, Oct-Dec. 1970. Retrieved from:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/651954. Accessed on: Mar. 18, 2019.
GAMER, Robert. Understanding Contemporary China. 4. Ed. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2012.
IBARRA, David. Un precursor de la educación de chinos en Estados Unidos de América: Yung Wing (容闳 Rong Hong, 1828-1912) y la Misión Educativa China (1872-1881). Red de Estudios Superiores Asia-Pacífico (RESAP), México: Palabra de Clío historiadores mexicanos, v. 3, p. 127-149, Mar. 2016.
李硕。何香凝：新中国华侨事务奠基人。团结报， 2019年08月01日, 第6版。
[LI Shuo. He Xiangning: Founder of Overseas Chinese Affairs in New China. Tuanjiebao, Aug. 1, 2019, p. 6.] Retrieved from: http://www.cnki.net. Accessed on: Aug. 5, 2019.
LUO, Wangshu & LI, Lei. New rules for visas to help Chinese ‘return home.’ China Daily, Beijing, Jan. 23, 2018. Retrieved from:
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201801/23/WS5a668664a3106e7dcc135dfb.html. Accessed on: Jul. 31, 2019.
MCKEOWN, Adam. Conceptualizing Chinese Diasporas, 1842 to 1949. The Journal of Asian Studies, v. 58, n. 2, p. 306-337, May. 1999. Retrieved from:
https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr/stable/2659399. Accessed on: Aug. 2, 2019.
MANSINGH, Surjit. Pekín and the Overseas Chinese. China Report, Delhi, v. 27, n. 4, p 309-328, Nov. 1, 1991. Retrieved from:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/000944559102700404#articleCitationDownloadContainer. Accessed on: Aug. 1, 2019.
OYEN, Meredith. Overseas Chinese. In: SONG, Yuwu (ed.) Encyclopedia of Chinese American Relations. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2009. Retrieved from:
http://ezproxy.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr:2048/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.credoreference.com%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Fmcfcham%2Foverseas_chinese%2F0%3FinstitutionId%3D7919. Accessed on: Jul. 30, 2019.
PETERSON, Glen. Guangdong and Chinese Diaspora: The Changing Landscape of Qiaoxiang. Pacific Affairs, Vancouver, v. 88, n. 4, p. 909-911, Dec., 2015.
PETERSON, Glen. House Divided: Transnational Families in the Early Years of the People’s Republic of China. Asian Studies Review, [s.l.], v. 31, n.1, p.25-40, Mar. 1, 2007. Retrieved from:
http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr:2048/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=24757034&site=ehost-live&scope=site. Accessed on: Aug. 1, 2019.
SKINNER, William. Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 321, p.136-147, Jan. 1959. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1030987. Accessed on: Mar. 18, 2019.
SURYADINATA, Leo. Blurring the Distinction Between Huaqiao and Huaren: China’s Changing Policy towards the Chinese Overseas. Southeast Asian Affairs, Singapore, v. 2017, p. 101-113, 2017. Retrieved from:
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr/docview/1965553936?accountid=28692. Accessed on: Aug. 1, 2019.
WALKER, Richard. Taiwan’s Development as Free China. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 321, p. 122-135, Jan. 1959. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1030986. Accessed on: Aug. 18, 2019.
WANG, Joan S.H. In the Name of Legitimacy: Taiwan and Overseas Chinese during the Cold War Era. The China Review, Hong Kong, v. 11, n. 2, pp. 65-90, 2011. Retrieved from:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/23462345. Accessed on: Aug. 17, 2019.
吴家豪。廖承志侨务观研究。 学位论文，硕士，马克思主义中国化，华南师范大学，广州, 2011。
[WU, Jiahao. Liao Chengzhi’s Research on Overseas Chinese Affairs. Dissertation (Master in Marxism, China) – South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 2011]
Websites
全国人民代表大会。中华人民共和国宪法（1954年）。中国人大网，北京。
[PRC NPRA [National People’s Representative Assembly]. Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (1954). China National People’s Network, Beijing] Retrieved from:
http://www.npc.gov.cn/wxzl/wxzl/2000-12/26/content_4264.htm. Accessed on: Aug. 2, 2019.
華僑救國聯合總會。華僑與華僑節 認識僑聯總會 確立10月21日為「華僑節」 認識僑聯
[HUAQIAO jiuguo lianhe zong hui. Overseas Chinese and Overseas Chinese Festival, Meet the Overseas Chinese Federation, Establish October 21 as the “Overseas Chinese Festival”] Retrieved from:
http://www.focat.org.tw/blog/?page_id=3. Accessed on: Sep.5, 2019.
中华人民共和国中央人民政府。“全国人大一届一次会议”中央政府门户网站 2006 年02月23日
[PRC CPG [Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China]. “First Session of the National People’s Congress” Central Government Portal Website, Feb. 23, 2006] Retrieved from: http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/23/content_208877.htm. Accessed on: Aug. 2, 2019.
Central Intelligence Agency
CIA. Communist Conferences on Overseas Chinese Affairs (n.d.), China, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP82-00457R006100590006-8, Oct. 30, 1950.
CIA. Chinese Communist Efforts to Obtain Investments from Overseas Chinese (n.d.), China, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP82-00457R013600160005-3, Sep. 1, 1952.
CIA. Chinese Representatives from Japan to Overseas Affairs Meeting (n.d.), Taipei, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP82-00457R014700330001-6, Nov. 10, 1952.
CIA. Chinese Communist Efforts to Contact Overseas Chinese (n.d.), China, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP82-00457R016300350005-2, Feb. 5, 1953.
CIA. China Press Agency Broadcasts to Overseas Chinese. 2 Oct. 1952. Bangkok, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100174-6, Jan. 8, 1953.
CIA. Communist Party Activities in Panama. (n.d.). Panama, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP80-00810A000900150009-7, Apr. 20, 1953.
CIA. Five Pro-KMT Chinese Cultural Organizations in Djakarta. 8 Aug-17 Nov. 1952. Jakarta, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP80-00809A000700220234-3, Apr. 24, 1953.
CIA. Loans to Overseas Chinese for Return to Overseas Places of Residence. (n.d.), China, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP80-00810A001600200005-7, Jul. 3, 1953.
CIA. Chinese Communist Government Propaganda Efforts Aimed at Overseas Chinese, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP80-00810A002100690009-4, Aug. 25, 1953.
CIA. Propaganda Among Chinese Abroad. (n.d.) PRC, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP80-00809A000500800078-5, Feb. 9, 1954.
CIA. Worldwide Overseas Chinese Population Figures, (n.d.) (S.l.), General CIA Records, CIA-RDP78-02771R000300310001-1, Feb. 1954.
CIA. The Pattern of Communist Movements in Southeast Asia, General CIA Records, CIA-RDP62-00864R000200250002-3, Apr. 16, 1954.
CIA. The Chinese Minority in Indonesia. General CIA Records, CIA-RDP78-02646R000200070001-8, Sept. 1958.
Foreign Office: Confidential Print, United Kingdom
BEST, A. British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print. Part V, From 1951 through 1956. Series E, Asia, 1952. Paul Preston and Michael Partridge (Gral. Eds.), vol. 3, LexisNexis, 2006.
Renmin Ribao digital newspaper library
七百零三归国华侨学生。七百零三名归国华侨学生热烈祝贺和平会议。人民日报，北京， 1952年10月21日第2版。
[SEVEN HUNDRED and three returning overseas Chinese students, Seven hundred and three returned Chinese students from overseas warmly congratulate the Peace Conference. Renmin Ribao, Beijing, Oct.10, 1952, p.2.]
新华社。最高人民法院 最高人民检察署 法制委员会 民族事务委员会 华侨事务委员会 五机构昨相继成立 推定专人负责起草组织条例。人民日报，北京，1949年10月23日，第1版。
[XINHUASHE. FIVE institutions with their organization regulations were established yesterday: Supreme People’s Court, Supreme People’s Procuratorate, Legal Committee, National Affairs Committee, Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee. Renmin Ribao, Beijing, Oct. 23, 1949, p.1]
新华社。中央华侨事务委员会召开侨务扩大会议 就全国人民代表大会华侨代表名额的分分配作出决定。人民日报，北京，1953年11月24日，第3版。
[XINHUASHE. The Central Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee held an enlarged meeting of overseas Chinese affairs to make a decision on the distribution of the quota of overseas Chinese representatives of the National People’s Congress. Renmin Ribao, Beijing, Nov. 24, 1953. p. 3]
新华社。中央人民政府华侨事务委员会 召开首次侨务扩大会议 通过廖承志副主任委员关于侨务工作的报告等。人民日报，北京， 1951年7月12日，第1版
[XINHUASHE. The Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee of the Central People’s Government held the first meeting of overseas Chinese affairs. The report of the vice chairman of Liao Chengzhi on overseas Chinese affairs was reported. Renmin Ribao, Beijing, Jul. 12, 1951. p.1]
The New York Times digital newspaper library
LIEBERMAN, Henry. Overseas Chinese back Chiang policy. The New York Times, New York, Oct. 31, 1952, p. 2.
THE OVERSEAS Chinese. The New York Times, New York, Nov. 1, 1952, p. 20.
Office of Intelligence Research, Department of State, United States
OIR [Office of Intelligence Research]. Intelligence Report: Achievements of the Chinese Communist Regime during 1952. Department of State, No.6143, Feb. 4, 1953. DDRS-206655-il-4.
Other print and written sources
人民出版社辑。亞洲及太平洋區域和平會議 重要報告及決議，北京：人民出版社, 1952年, 258页。
[RENMINCHUBANSHE (Comp.). Peace Conference of Asia and the Pacific Regions: Main reports and resolutions, Beijing: Renminchubanshe, 1952.]
中國人民保衛世界和平委員會。亞洲及太平洋區域和平會議發起書。中國人民保衛世界和平委員會編。亞洲及太平洋區域和平會議籌備會議，北京：世界知識出版社， 1952年。
[CPDWPC (Chinese People’s for the Defense of the World Peace Committee). Initiation letter at the Preparatory Conference of the Peace Conference of Asia and the Pacific Regions. In: Chinese People’s Committee for the Defense of World Peace (Ed.). Preparatory Conference of the Peace Conference of Asia and the Pacific Regions, Beijing: Shijiezhishichubanshe, 1952]
Secondary sources
ANG SEE, Teresita; ANG SEE, Carmelea. The Rise of China, New Immigrants and Changing Policies on Chinese Overseas: Impact on the Philippines. In: SINGH, Daljit; COOK, Malcolm (ed.) Southeast Asian Affairs 2019. Singapore: ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute Publishing, p. 275-294, 2019.Retrieved from:
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr/docview/2212624655?accountid=28692. Accessed on: Jul. 30, 2019.
CHAN, Shelly. The Disobedient Diaspora: Overseas Chinese Students in Mao’s China, 1958-66. Journal of Chinese Overseas, v. 10, p. 220-238, 2014.
CHANG, C.Y. Overseas Chinese in China’s Policy. The China Quarterly, Cambridge, n. 82, p. 281-303, jun. 1980. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/653065
Accessed on: Mar. 18, 2019.
CHOU, Diego L. La evolución de las políticas del gobierno chino con respecto a los chinos en ultramar (1850-1970). Heredia, C.R.: Escuela de Relaciones Internacionales, UNA, 2003.
CHOU, Diego L. Chile y China: inmigración y relaciones bilaterales (1845-1970). Santiago: Ediciones de la Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Instituto de Historia, Centro de Investigaciones Diego Barros Arana, 2004.
CHRISTIANSEN, Flemming; PETERSON, Glen. Overseas Chinese in the People’s Republic of China. The China Quarterly, Cambridge, v. 210, p. 526-527, Jun. 2012.
Retrieved from:
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr/docview/1022632888?accountid=28692. Accessed on: Aug. 1, 2019.
CLOUGH, Ralph. The PRC, Taiwan, and the Overseas Chinese. Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, n. 12, p. 34-48, fall. 1993.
CORNEJO, Romer. Hacia el mundo contemporáneo. In: BOTTON, Flora (coord.). Historia Mínima de China. México: El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios de Asia y África, p. 299-353, 2010.
FITZGERALD, C.P. The Third China: The Chinese Communities in South-East Asia. Adelaide: Angus and Robertson, 1965.
FITZGERALD, Stephen. Overseas Chinese and the Cultural Revolution. The China Quarterly, Cambridge, n. 40, p. 103-126, Oct-Dec. 1969. Retrieved from:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/651981. Accessed on: Mar.18, 2019.
FITZGERALD, Stephen. China and the Overseas Chinese: Perceptions and Policies. The China Quarterly, Cambridge, n. 44, p. 1-37, Oct-Dec. 1970. Retrieved from:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/651954. Accessed on: Mar. 18, 2019.
GAMER, Robert. Understanding Contemporary China. 4. Ed. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2012.
IBARRA, David. Un precursor de la educación de chinos en Estados Unidos de América: Yung Wing (容闳 Rong Hong, 1828-1912) y la Misión Educativa China (1872-1881). Red de Estudios Superiores Asia-Pacífico (RESAP), México: Palabra de Clío historiadores mexicanos, v. 3, p. 127-149, Mar. 2016.
李硕。何香凝：新中国华侨事务奠基人。团结报， 2019年08月01日, 第6版。
[LI Shuo. He Xiangning: Founder of Overseas Chinese Affairs in New China. Tuanjiebao, Aug. 1, 2019, p. 6.] Retrieved from: http://www.cnki.net. Accessed on: Aug. 5, 2019.
LUO, Wangshu & LI, Lei. New rules for visas to help Chinese ‘return home.’ China Daily, Beijing, Jan. 23, 2018. Retrieved from:
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201801/23/WS5a668664a3106e7dcc135dfb.html. Accessed on: Jul. 31, 2019.
MCKEOWN, Adam. Conceptualizing Chinese Diasporas, 1842 to 1949. The Journal of Asian Studies, v. 58, n. 2, p. 306-337, May. 1999. Retrieved from:
https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr/stable/2659399. Accessed on: Aug. 2, 2019.
MANSINGH, Surjit. Pekín and the Overseas Chinese. China Report, Delhi, v. 27, n. 4, p 309-328, Nov. 1, 1991. Retrieved from:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/000944559102700404#articleCitationDownloadContainer. Accessed on: Aug. 1, 2019.
OYEN, Meredith. Overseas Chinese. In: SONG, Yuwu (ed.) Encyclopedia of Chinese American Relations. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2009. Retrieved from:
http://ezproxy.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr:2048/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.credoreference.com%2Fcontent%2Fentry%2Fmcfcham%2Foverseas_chinese%2F0%3FinstitutionId%3D7919. Accessed on: Jul. 30, 2019.
PETERSON, Glen. Guangdong and Chinese Diaspora: The Changing Landscape of Qiaoxiang. Pacific Affairs, Vancouver, v. 88, n. 4, p. 909-911, Dec., 2015.
PETERSON, Glen. House Divided: Transnational Families in the Early Years of the People’s Republic of China. Asian Studies Review, [s.l.], v. 31, n.1, p.25-40, Mar. 1, 2007. Retrieved from:
http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr:2048/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=24757034&site=ehost-live&scope=site. Accessed on: Aug. 1, 2019.
SKINNER, William. Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 321, p.136-147, Jan. 1959. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1030987. Accessed on: Mar. 18, 2019.
SURYADINATA, Leo. Blurring the Distinction Between Huaqiao and Huaren: China’s Changing Policy towards the Chinese Overseas. Southeast Asian Affairs, Singapore, v. 2017, p. 101-113, 2017. Retrieved from:
https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr/docview/1965553936?accountid=28692. Accessed on: Aug. 1, 2019.
WALKER, Richard. Taiwan’s Development as Free China. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 321, p. 122-135, Jan. 1959. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1030986. Accessed on: Aug. 18, 2019.
WANG, Joan S.H. In the Name of Legitimacy: Taiwan and Overseas Chinese during the Cold War Era. The China Review, Hong Kong, v. 11, n. 2, pp. 65-90, 2011. Retrieved from:
http://www.jstor.org/stable/23462345. Accessed on: Aug. 17, 2019.
吴家豪。廖承志侨务观研究。 学位论文，硕士，马克思主义中国化，华南师范大学，广州, 2011。
[WU, Jiahao. Liao Chengzhi’s Research on Overseas Chinese Affairs. Dissertation (Master in Marxism, China) – South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 2011]
Websites
全国人民代表大会。中华人民共和国宪法（1954年）。中国人大网，北京。
[PRC NPRA [National People’s Representative Assembly]. Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (1954). China National People’s Network, Beijing] Retrieved from:
http://www.npc.gov.cn/wxzl/wxzl/2000-12/26/content_4264.htm. Accessed on: Aug. 2, 2019.
華僑救國聯合總會。華僑與華僑節 認識僑聯總會 確立10月21日為「華僑節」 認識僑聯
[HUAQIAO jiuguo lianhe zong hui. Overseas Chinese and Overseas Chinese Festival, Meet the Overseas Chinese Federation, Establish October 21 as the “Overseas Chinese Festival”] Retrieved from:
http://www.focat.org.tw/blog/?page_id=3. Accessed on: Sep.5, 2019.
中华人民共和国中央人民政府。“全国人大一届一次会议”中央政府门户网站 2006 年02月23日
[PRC CPG [Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China]. “First Session of the National People’s Congress” Central Government Portal Website, Feb. 23, 2006] Retrieved from: http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-02/23/content_208877.htm. Accessed on: Aug. 2, 2019.
Publiée
2020-03-04
Comment citer
Arana, D. I. (2020). Luta estratégica para obter lealdades: discurso e políticas em direção a huaqiao华侨 através de relatórios de conferência na China (1951-1953). Dialogos, 24(1), 137-177. https://doi.org/10.4025/dialogos.v24i1.51951
Rubrique
Dossiê
DECLARAÇÃO DE ORIGINALIDADE E CESSÃO DE DIREITOS AUTORAIS
Declaro que o presente artigo é original, não tendo sido submetido à publicação em qualquer outro periódico nacional ou internacional, quer seja em parte ou em sua totalidade. Declaro, ainda, que uma vez publicado na revista DIÁLOGOS, editada pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá, o mesmo jamais será submetido por mim ou por qualquer um dos demais co-autores a qualquer outro periódico. Através deste instrumento, em meu nome e em nome dos demais co-autores, porventura existentes, cedo os direitos autorais do referido artigo à Universidade Estadual de Maringá e declaro estar ciente de que a não observância deste compromisso submeterá o infrator a sanções e penas previstas na Lei de Proteção de Direitos Autorias (N. 9609, de 19/02/98).
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY AND COPYRIGHT CESSION
I declare that the present article is original, has not been submitted for publishing on any other national or international journal, neither partly nor fully. I further declare that, once published on DIÁLOGOS journal, edited by the State University of Maringá, it will never be submitted by me or by any of the other co-authors to another journal. By means of this instrument, on my behalf and on behalf of the other co-authors, if any, I waive the copyright of said article to the State University of Maringá and declare that I am aware that non-compliance with this commitment will subject the violator to sanctions and penalties set forth in the Copyright Protection Law (No 9609, of 19/02/98).
