AS POLÍTICAS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DAS REDES ELÉTRICAS INTELIGENTES: OS CASOS DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS, DE PAÍSES EUROPEUS E DA CHINA
Abstract
The main objective of this work is to present the main policies carried out for the development of smart electricity grids in the United States, European countries and China, especially from the 2000s. Such policies are mainly justified by their potential economic and environmental impact and due to the difficulties in implementing new technologies in the electricity sector due to the rigidity of its structural base. The case studies are carried out based on information from programs and other relevant actions from official institutions in countries operating in the electricity sector, as well as other documents and works in the area. As main results, the studies show an intense use of domestic policies and a special concern with international policies. However, as the stage of application of new technologies in the market is still incipient and its growth is slow, such policies should continue for a long period of time.
Downloads
References
BROWN, M. A. ZHOU. C. Smart-grid Policies: An International Review. Work Paper 70. Working Paper Series: Georgia Tech/Ivan Allen College, School of Public Policy, 2012.
CEM. About the Clean Energy Ministerial, 2021. Disponível em: http://www.cleanenergyministerial.org/about-clean-energy-ministerial. Acesso em: 28 de junho de 2021.
COMISSÃO EUROPÉIA. Directiva 2001/77/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, set., 2001. Disponível em: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32001L0077&from=EN. Acesso em: 25 de junho de 2021.
COMISSÃO EUROPÉIA. Directiva 2003/54/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, jun., 2003. Disponível em: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:caeb5f68-61fd-4ea8-b3b5-00e692b1013c.0010.02/DOC_1&format=PDF. Acesso em: 25 de junho de 2021.
COMISSÃO EUROPÉIA. Livro Verde sobre a Eficiência Energética ou “Fazer mais com menos” (COM (2005) 265 Final), 2005. Disponível em: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52005DC0265&from=EN. Acesso em: 25 de junho de 2021.
COMISSÃO EUROPÉIA. Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy (COM (2006) 105 Final), 2006a. Disponível em: https://europa.eu/documents/comm/green_papers/pdf/com2006_105_en.pdf. Acesso em: 25 de junho de 2021.
COMISSÃO EUROPÉIA. Directiva 2006/32/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, abr., 2006 (2006b). Disponível em: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32006L0032. Acesso em: 25 de junho de 2021.
COMISSÃO EUROPÉIA. Comunicação da Comissão ao Conselho, ao Parlamento Europeu, ao Comité Económico e Social Europeu e ao Comité das Regiões (COM (2007) 723 Final), 2007. Disponível em: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52007DC0723&from=EN. Acesso em: 25 de junho de 2021.
COMISSÃO EUROPÉIA. Directiva 2009/72/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, jul., 2009. Disponível em: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32009L0072&from=FI. Acesso em: 25 de junho de 2020.
COMISSÃO EUROPÉIA. Directiva 2012/27/UE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, out., 2012. Disponível em: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32012L0027&from=PT. Acesso em: 25 de junho de 2021.
COMISSÃO EUROPÉIA. Directiva 2019/944/UE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, jun., 2019. Disponível em: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32019L0944&from=EN. Acesso em: 25 de junho de 2021.
COSTA, P. M. BENTO, N. MARQUES, V. The Impact of Regulation on a Firm’s Incentives to Invest in Emergent Smart Grid Technologies. Energy Journal, vol. 28, n. 2, p. 149-174, 2014.
CRISPIM, J. et al. Smart Grids in the EU with Smart Regulation: Experiences from the UK, Italy and Portugal. Utilities Policy, vol. 31, p. 85-93, 2014.
DOE. Funding and Financing, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.energy.gov/energy-economy/funding-financing. Acesso em: 10 de julho de 2021.
EERA. European Energy Research Alliance, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.eera-set.eu/. Acesso em: 28 de junho de 2021.
EISA. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. Public Law 110-140 – Dec.19, 2007. Disponível em: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-110publ140/pdf/PLAW-110publ140.pdf. Acesso em: 21 de junho de 2021.
EUROPEAN COMISSION. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Smart Grids: from Innovation to Deployment (SEC (2011) 463 Final), 2011. Disponível em: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0202:FIN:EN:PDF. Acesso em: 28 de junho de 2021.
HAIDER, T. SEE, O. ELMENREICH, W. A Review of Resindential Demand Response of Smart Grid. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 59, p. 166-178, jun., 2016.
IEA. Countries and Regions, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.iea.org/countries. Acesso em: 10 de julho de 2021.
ISGAN. About us, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.iea-isgan.org/about-us/. Acesso em: 10 de julho de 2021.
LIN, C-C. YANG, C-H. SHYUA, J. A Comparison of Innovation Policy in the Smart Grid Industry across the Pacific: China and the USA. Energy Policy, vol. 57, p. 119-132, jun., 2013.
MA, D. N-Y. Conceptualizing Government-market Dynamics in Socio-technical Energy Transitions: A Comparative Case Study of Smart Grid Developments in China and Japan. AESC, Working Paper 21, 2018.
MEEUS, L. et al. Smart Regulation for Smart Grids. European University Institute. EUI Working Papers, RSCAS 2010/45, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, Florence School of Regulation, 2010.
MENDES, A. L. S. et al. O Pioneirismo Italiano. In: CASTRO N. J. DANTAS, G. A. (Orgs.). Políticas Públicas para Redes Inteligentes. Gesel - Rio de Janeiro, Publit, 2016.
MI. Smart Grids Innovation Challenge Country Report 2019: Strategies, Trends and Activities on Jointly Identified Research Topics (START). MI Smart Grids, may., 2019. Disponível em: https://smartgrids.no/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/08/2019_MI_IC1_Country_Report.pdf. Acesso em: 13 de junho de 2020.
MI. Our members, 2021a. Disponível em: http://www.mission-innovation.net/. Acesso em: 02 de julho de 2021.
MI. Innovation Challenges, 2021b. Disponível em: http://mission-innovation.net/our-work/innovation-challenges/. Acesso em: 02 de julho de 2021.
MI. IC2: Off-Grid Access to Electricity, 2021c. Disponível em: http://mission-innovation.net/our-work/innovation-challenges/off-grid-access-to-electricity/. Acesso em: 02 de julho de 2021.
MONYPENY, T. Implementation of Smart Grid Technology in the United States. Papers & Publications, Interdisciplinary Journal of Undergraduate Research, vol. 2, art. 1, 2013.
MOST. S&T Programmes, 2021. Disponível em: http://www.most.gov.cn/eng/eng/index.htm. Acesso em: 02 de julho de 2021.
RTE. Embody Smart Electricity: Our R&D Roadmap, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.rte-france.com/en/article/embody-smart-electricity-our-rdroadmap. Acesso em: 04 de julho de 2021.
SIANO, P. Demand Response and Smart Grids: A Survey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 30, p. 461-478, feb., 2014.
WHITE HOUSE. Fact Sheet: The American Jobs Plan, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/03/31/fact-sheet-the-american-jobs-plan/. Acesso em: 25 de maio de 2021.
Copyright (c) 2022 A Economia em Revista - AERE

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.