SECONDARY EDUCATION IN THE OLD STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO (1931-1942): A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL AND SPACE EXCLUSION

Abstract

This article aims to reveal part of the results of our masters research, revealing a process of school exclusion that, as geographers, we must see spatially. It’s important to realize that geography can be costly to analysis in (History of) Education. The former state of Rio de Janeiro had only two public secondary education institutions, the Nilo Peçanha High School, located in Niterói, the former state capital, and the Campos Humanities High School. All other institutions were private, which invariably repelled much of the population. We present, in an initial plan, the need for educational institutions to be seen as spatial objects, taking the concept of spatial object of Milton Santos (2008a). Although, in the History of Education, schools, colleges and high schools are spatially analyzed, this is only considering their internal dimensions, without establishing a link with other objects. In the case of geography, we still have a timid process of broader spatial analysis involving educational institutions. It is appropriate to present the distribution of secondary education institutions in the state of Rio, considering public and private institutions. This investigation was carried out from the contextualization of the former Rio de Janeiro state, in addition to documentary analysis, with great emphasis on the newspaper O Fluminense. In addition to the newspaper, we used the files of the time, as well as school maps. We believe that this historical process can be spatially analyzed, and we suppose that school exclusion is also a socio-spatial exclusion.