Aminpentacyanoferrate as a carbon monoxide indicator
Palavras-chave:
Poluente. Saúde pública. Nitroprussiato. Veículo.
Resumo
O monóxido de carbono (CO) é uma substância que pode causar asfixia e morte e uma de suas principais fontes é a emissão de gases no escapamento de veículos automotores, devido à combustão incompleta. Por isso, vários países têm importante legislação sobre poluição veicular. Diversas técnicas analíticas para determinação do CO são utilizadas, porém, em sua maioria, são dispendiosas ou necessitam de profissionais qualificados. A proposta deste trabalho foi utilizar o complexo aminpentacianoferrato no desenvolvimento de metodologia espectrofotométrica a partir da troca de ligante amônia (NH3) pela carbonila (CO), com aplicabilidade na determinação rápida de monóxido de carbono em emissões veiculares. O complexo sintetizado foi caracterizado quanto à sua estrutura e os parâmetros analíticos foram validados. A curva analítica situou-se entre 135 mg L-1 e 812 mg L-1, com R2= 0,9965, com repetitividade de 4,6% e estabilidade do complexo carbonilado de ±1,0% em 15 minutos. Este método foi aplicado em amostras de gás de emissão veicular possuindo baixo custo, podendo-se utilizar espectrofotômetros portáteis de fácil manipulação e de acesso, para medidas rápidas.
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Referências
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ZUAS, O.; BUDIMAN, H. Estimating precision and accuracy of GC-TCD method for carbon dioxide, propane and carbon monoxide determination at different rate of carrier gas. Hemijska Industrija. v.70, p.451-459, 2015. DOI: 10.2298/hemind150315051z.
AMAULY, J. I.; VARETTI, E. L.; AYMONINO, P. J. TGA-DTA and infrared spectra of potassium nitroprusside dihydrate: K2Fe(CN)5NO]. 2H2O. J. Phys. Chem. Solid. v.46, p.1153-1161, 1985. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3697(85)90144-1.
AMAULY, J. I.; VARETTI, E. L.; AYMONINO, P. J. DTA-TGA, crystal and molecular structure determination and vibrational studies of potassium nitroprusside sesquiquarterhydrate, K2[Fe(CN)5NO] 1.25 H2O. Journal of Crystallographic and Spectroscopic Research. v.16, p.537-555, 1986. DOI: 10.1021/ic50088a016.
BALA, D.; DASU, P.; MIHAILCIUC, C. Middle Phase Electrochemistry of Two Pentacyano(L) Ferrates(II). Croatica Chemica Acta. v.86, p.151-158, 2013. DOI: 10.5562/cca1999.
BARAN, E. J.; MULLER, A. Über Na5[Fe(CN)5SO3]. Eigenschaften und Untersuchung des Zerfalls in wäßriger Lösung. Zeitschrift fur Anorg. und Allg. Chemie. v.368, p.144-154, 1969. DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19693680306.
BRAZIL. CONAMA Resolution 491/2018. Accessed in 02/02/2020. Web page http://www2.mma.gov.br/port/conama/legiabre.cfm?codlegi=740. (In Portuguese).
BRAZIL. Resolution 415/2009. Accessed in 02/02/2020. Web page http://www2.mma.gov.br/port/conama/legiabre.cfm?codlegi=615.
BRAZIL. ABNT NBR 6601/2012. Light motor vehicles - Determination of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide and particulate matter in the exhaust gas. 2012. (In Portuguese).
BRAZIL. CONAMA Resolution 18/1986. (In Portuguese).
BRAZIL. ABNT NBR 13539/1995. Accessed in 18/03/2020. Web page https://www.abntcatalogo.com.br/norma.aspx?ID=4760. (In Portuguese).
DOWNS, J. Carbon monoxide exposure: autopsy findings. PAYNE-JAMES, J.; BYARD, R. W. In: Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2nd edition. Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 2016, p. 444-460.
EC. European Commission. Environment. Air Quality Standards. Accessed in 01/04/2020. Web page http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/standards.htm.
GARCIA, L. F. A.; CORRÊA, S. M; PENTEADO, R.; DAEMME, L. C.; GATTI, L. V.; ALVIM, D. S. “Measurements of Emissions from Motorcycles and Modeling Its Impact on Air Quality. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. v.24, p.375-384, 2013. DOI: 10.5935/0103-5053.20130048.
GUARDANI, M. L. G.; MURAMOTO, C.A. Air quality in the state of São Paulo. São Paulo: Cetesb, 2019. 228p. (In Portuguese).
KACEMA, M.; ZAGHDOUDI, K.; MORALES-RUBIO, A.; de la GUARDIA, M. Preliminary results on the influence of car characteristics on their gas emissions using gas sensors. Microchemical Journal, v.139, p.69-73, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.02.022.
KENNEY, D. J.; FLYNN, T. P.; GALLINI, J. B. Reaction of Ferropentacyanamines. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. v.20, p.75-81, 1961. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1902(61)80462-4.
PAPADOPOULOS, G.; NTZIACHRISTOS, J.; TZIOURTZIOUMIS, C.; KERAMYDAS, C.; LO, T-S.; NG, K-L.; WONG, H-L. A.; WONG, C. K-L. Real-world gaseous and particulate emissions from Euro IV to VI medium duty diesel trucks. Science of the Total Environment. v.731, p.139137, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139137.
PAVIA, D. L.; LAMPMAN, G. M.; KRIS, G. S.; VYVYAN, J. R. Introdução à Espectroscopia. Tradução da 4ª edição americana, 2010.
PIRES, B. M.; JANNUZZI, S. A. V.; FORMIGA, A. L. B.; BONACIN, J. A. Prussian Blue Films Produced by Pentacyanidoferrate(II) and Their Application as Active Electrochemical Layers. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. N.34, p.5812-5819, 2014. DOI:10.1002/ejic.201402760.
POCHWAŁA, S.; GARDECKI, A.; LEWANDOWSKI, P.; SOMOGYI, V.; ANWEILER, S. Developing of Low-Cost Air Pollution Sensor. Measurements with the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Poland. Sensors. v.20, p.3582-3599, 2020. DOI:10.3390/s20123582.
REBOUL, C.; BOISSIÈRE, J.; ANDRÉ, L.; MEYER, G.; BIDEAUX, P.; FOURET, G.; FEILLET-COUDRAY, C.; OBERT, P.; LACAMPAGNE, A.; THIREAU, J.; CAZORLA, O.; RICHARD, S. Carbon monoxide pollution aggravates ischemic heart failure through oxidative stress pathway. Scientific Reports, 7:39715. DOI: 10.1038/srep39715.
SAFARIANZENGIR, V.; SOBHANI, B.; YAZDANI, M. H.; KIANIAN, M. Monitoring, analysis and spatial and temporal zoning of air pollution (carbon monoxide) using Sentinel-5 satellite data for health management in Iran, located in the Middle East. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health. v.13, p.709-719, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s11869-020-00827-5.
SEVINC, H.; HAZA, H. Investigation of performance and exhaust emissions of a chromium oxide coated diesel engine fueled with dibutyl maleate mixtures by experimental and ANN technique. Fuel. v.278, p.118338, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118338.
SILVERSTEIN, R.; WEBSTER, F. X.; LIEMLE, D. J. Identificação Espectrométrica de Compostos Orgânicos. 7 ed., São Paulo: LTC, 2006.
TÉLLEZ, J.; RODRÍGUEZ, A.; FAJARDO, A. Contaminacion por monóxido de carbono: un problema de salud ambiental. Revista de Salud Publica. v.8, p.108-117, 2016.
YANG, Q.; SHEN, H.; LIANG, Z. Analysis of particulate matter and carbon monoxide emission rates from vehicles in a Shanghai tunnel. Sustainable Cities and Society, v.56, 102104, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102104.
WHO. World Health Organization, Air Pollution. Accessed in 09/01/2020. Web page https://www.who.int/gho/phe/outdoor_air_pollution/burden/en/.
ZDZISŁAW, C.; JAKUB, L.; JACEK, B.; PIOTR, W. Correlational investigation of air pollutant emissions and fuel consumption of motor vehicle in various dynamic conditions. Global NEST Journal. v.22, p.275-279, 2020. DOI: 10.30955/gnj.002893
ZHUA, H.; MCCAFFERYB, C.; YANGA, J.; LIB, C.; KARAVALAKISA, G.; JOHNSONA, K. C.; DURBINA, T. D. Characterizing emission rates of regulated and unregulated pollutants from two ultra-low NOx CNG heavy-duty vehicles. Fuel. v.277, p.118192, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118192.
ZUAS, O.; BUDIMAN, H. Estimating precision and accuracy of GC-TCD method for carbon dioxide, propane and carbon monoxide determination at different rate of carrier gas. Hemijska Industrija. v.70, p.451-459, 2015. DOI: 10.2298/hemind150315051z.
Publicado
2022-03-02
Como Citar
Ferradoza Batalioto, C., Pauletti, C., Oliveira Buffon, D. S., Dragunski, D. C., & Lindino, C. (2022). Aminpentacyanoferrate as a carbon monoxide indicator. Revista Tecnológica, 30(1), 9-29. https://doi.org/10.4025/revtecnol.v30i1.57459
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