Riesgo de caídas en personas mayores que viven en la comunidad1
Resumen
Objetivo: evaluar los factores de riesgo para caídas en personas mayores residentes en la comunidad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo, desarrollado en la región Nordeste de Brasil con 221 personas mayores residentes en la comunidad. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar de junio a septiembre de 2016 con la utilización de instrumentos estructurados. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio de los datos con medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y asociación entre las variables. Resultados: en relación al perfil, se observaron franja etaria entre 60 y 79 años (75,6%); sexo femenino (70,6%); casados (43,9%); hasta cuatro años de escolaridad (33,9%); renta personal mensual de hasta un salario mínimo (45,7%) proveniente de la jubilación (60,2%); tres a cinco comorbilidades (51,6%). En cuanto al riesgo de caídas, se destacó como predictores la FallRisk Score clasificada como "alto riesgo", seguida por fármacosAntiparkinsonianos, antidepresivos y diuréticos, hipoglucemia, deficiencia auditiva, dolor, incontinencia urinaria y síntomas neurológicos. Conclusión: se hace necesario establecer acciones individuales y colectivas para la prevención y promoción de la salud frente a los riesgos para caídas. La red de salud debe trabajar para posibilitar la concienciación de que las caídas constituyen un problema de salud pública y, por eso, se resalta la necesidad de cuidados dirigidos, evitando consecuencias en la calidad de vida de la persona anciana.
Descargas
Citas
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Projeções da população: Brasil e Unidades da Federação: revisão 2018. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2018. Disponível em: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/populacao/9109-projecao-da-populacao.html?=&t=resultados
Mourão LF, Xavier DAN, Neri AL, Luchesi KF. Association study between natural chronic diseases of aging and swallowing changes referred by community elderly. AudiolCommun Res. [Internet]. 2016;21:e1657. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6431-2015-1657
Queiroz SMB, Coutinho DTR, Almeida PC, Guedes MVC, Freitas MC. Clinical conditions of elderly who are victims of muscle-skeletal trauma. CiencCuidSaude. [Internet] 2016; 15(3):530-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v15i3.28482
Moraes SLVA, Rothebarth AP, Agulhó DLZ, Mocheuti KN. Risk and occurrence of falls in elderly care in Family Health Strategy inside Mato Grosso. Res Soc Dev. [Internet]2021;10(4):e56910414584. Disponível em: https://www.rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/14584/13019
Silva TL, Motta VV, Garcia WJ, Arreguy-Sena C, Pinto PF, Parreira PMSD, et al. Quality of life and falls in elderly people: a mixed methods study. Rev Bras Enferm. 2021;74(Suppl 2):e20200400. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0400
Teixeira DKS, Andrade LM, Santos JLP, Caires ES. Falls among the elderly: environmental limitations and functional losses. Rev Bras GeriatrGerontol. [Internet]. 2019;22(3):e180229. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562019022.180229
Kim K, Jung HK, Kim CO, Kim SK, Cho HH, Kim DY, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for fall prevention in Korea. Korean J Intern Med. [Internet]. 2017;32(1):199-210. Doi:https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2016.218
Dahlke S, Hall WA, Baumbusch J. Constructing definitions of safety risks while nurses care for hospitalised older people: secondary analysis of qualitative data. Int J Older People Nurs. [Internet]2017;12(3):1-10. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/opn.12148
Bertolucci PH, Brucki SMD, Campacci SR, Juliano Y. The Mini-Mental State Examination in an outpatient population: influence of literacy. Arq. Neuropsiquiatr. [Internet]. 1994;52(1):1-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X1994000100001
Porto MLL, Nóbrega MML. Data collection instrument for attendance to the aged in the family’s health program. Rev Enferm UFPE On Line. [Internet]. 2008;2(1):1-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5205/reuol.399-11159-1-LE.0201200801
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Envelhecimento e saúde da pessoa idosa. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2007. Disponível em: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/evelhecimento_saude_pessoa_idosa.pdf
Bueno-García MJ, Roldán-Chicano MT, Rodríguez-Tello J, Meroño-Rivera MD, Dávila-Martínez R, Berenguer-García N. Characteristics of the Downton fall risk assessment scale in hospitalised patients. EnfermClin. [Internet]. 2017;27(4):227–34. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcle.2017.02.007
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Resolução nº 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Comissão de Ética e Pesquisa - CONEP sobre pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. Brasília; 2012. Disponível em: https://conselho.saude.gov.br/resolucoes/2012/Reso466.pdf
Handrigan GA, Maltais N, Gagne M, Lamontagne P, Hamel D, Teasdale N, et al. Sex-specific association between obesity and self-reported falls and injuries among community-dwelling Canadians aged 65 years and older. Osteoporos Int. [Internet]. 2017; 28:483-94. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-016-3745-x
Elias Filho J, Borel WP, Diz JBM, Barbosa AWC, Britto RR, Felício DC. Prevalence of falls and associated factors in community-dwelling older Brazilians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cad Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2019;35(8):e00115718. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00115718
Silva IRG, Dias CMD, Silva TP, Carvalho DN, Lima FC, Aguiar VFF. Avaliação da mobilidade e fatores desencadeantes de quedas em idosos. CiencCuid Saúde. [Internet]. 2020;19:e48469. Disponível em: https://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/CiencCuidSaude/article/view/48469/751375151481
Menezes LP, Stamm B, Leite MT, Hildebrandt LM, Kirchner RM. Falling is a part of life: Falls risk factors to the elderly. RevPesqui (UnivFed Estado Rio J, Online) [Internet]. 2016; 8(4):5080-6. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2016.v8i4.5080-5086
Lee JY, Holbrook A. The efficacy of fall-risk-increasing drug (FRID) withdrawal for the prevention of falls and fall-related complications: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. [Internet]. 2017;6(1):33. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0426-6
Carli FVBO, Anjos VD, Silva AA, Evangelista VC, Gianini SHS, Cardin MA, et al. Occurrences of falls in the elderly and polypharmacy. RevEletAcerv Saúde. [Internet]. 2019;37:e1082. Doi: https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e1082.2019
Ximenes MAM, Aguiar JR, Bastos IB, Sousa LV, Caetano JA, Barros LM. Risk of fall in hospitalized patients: risk factors and nursing interventions. Rev Bras PromoçSaúde. 2019;32:9003. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.9003
Rosa VPP, Cappellari FCBD, Urbanetto JS. Analysis of risk factors for falls among institutionalized elderly persons. Rev Bras GeriatrGerontol. [Internet]. 2019;22(1):e180138. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562019022.180138
Smith AA, Silva AO, Rodrigues RAP, Moreira MASP, Nogueira JA, Tura LFR. Assessment of risk of falls in elderly living at home. RevLat Am Enfermagem [Internet]. 2017;25:e2754. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.0671.2754
Crowe M, Jordan J, Gillon D, McCall C, Frampton C, Jamieson H. The prevalence of pain and its relationship to falls, fatigue, and depression in a cohort of older people living in the community. J Adv Nurs. [Internet]. 2017;73(11):2642-51. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13328
Vitorino LM, Teixeira CAB, Vilas Boas EL, Pereira RL, Santos NO, Rozendo CA. Fear of falling in older adults living at home: associated factors. RevEscEnferm USP. [Internet]. 2017;51:e03215. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-220x2016223703215
Gibson W, Hunter KF, Camicioli R, Booth J, Skelton DA, Dumoulin C, et al. The association between lower urinary tract symptoms and falls: forming a theoretical model for a research agenda. NeurourolUrodyn. [Internet]. 2017;9999:1-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.23295
Derechos de autor 2021 Ciência, Cuidado e Saúde
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 4.0.
