A sinister institution: the French legal creation of the state of siege (1791-1815).
Abstract
The state of siege as an institution is a French legal creation of the late eighteenth century and it is in the field of measures of exception against crisis, which refers to the most diverse historical and legal contexts. With the French normalization, the measure reaffirmed the transitional sense of the institute, because the state of siege flirts with authoritarianism by hypertrophying power in the Executive and allowing more severe measures of repression. In this article we will work with French sources to elucidate the process of creating an institute that would gain wide repercussion in other legislations. In the course of the text, we will examine the processes that led to its standardization in France, as well as its transposition from a military notion of battlefield to a fictitious notion applied in a political context.
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References
Fontes primárias
FRANCE. Acte additionnel aux Constituitons de l’Empire (1815). Disponível em: https://bit.ly/3dqxKjY.
FRANCE. Constitution (22 frimaire an VIII). Constitution du Consulat. Disponível em: https://bit.ly/3fP98CR.
FRANCE. Constitution (1814). Charte de 1814. Disponível em: https://bit.ly/2NjhlTM.
FRANCE. Décret du 24 décembre 1811. Relatif à l’organisation et au service des état-majors de places. Disponível em: https://bit.ly/2VcIegi.
FRANCE. Décret du 26 mai 1792. Relatif aux places et postes militaires à mettre en état de guerre. Disponível em: https://bit.ly/3drGkii.
FRANCE. Loi du 10 fructidor an V. Déterminant la manière dont les communes de l’intérieur de la République pourront être mises en état de guerre ou de siège. Disponível em: https://bit.ly/2BALR9a.
FRANCE. Loi du 19 fructidor an V. Contenant des mesures de salut public prises relativement à la conspiration royale. Disponível em: https://bit.ly/37QO4cy.
FRANCE. Loi du 10 juillet 1791. Concernant la conservation et le classement des places de guerre et postes militaires, la police des fortifications et autres objets y relatifs. Disponível em: https://bit.ly/2YvaCg1.
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