Modelling the dispersion of pollutants in the water supply of a metropolis in the Amazon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v48i1.73241Palavras-chave:
COP30, lake pollution, phosphorus, numerical simulation, finite elements method.Resumo
Belém, the capital of the state of Pará and the host city of COP30 (30th United Nations Climate Change Conference), located in the Brazilian Amazon, faces a risk to its potable water source due to pollution. Thus, the study aims to model the dispersion of pollutants, in this case, phosphorus, within the Utinga source, which is formed by the artificial lakes Ígua Preta and Bolonha. The Saint-Venant equations were solved via a hydrodynamic model formulated with the finite element method. Pollutant dispersion simulation followed the SUPG/θ numerical method for spatial and temporal discretization, respectively, of the advection-diffusion-reaction equation in two dimensions. The results indicate that, due to the low flow dynamics of the lakes, the highest phosphorus concentration is found near the entry of Lake Ígua Preta. This is a result of the waters from the Guamá River, which receive a significant portion of the city of Belém's sewage, only 2.38% of which is treated. A good legacy of COP30 would be a sewage collection and treatment system for Belém, which would minimize the pollution of the waters of the Guamá River and, consequently, the waters of the Utinga source benefiting the region's population.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Romulo Correa Lima, Claudio José Cavalcante Blanco, André Luiz Amarante Mesquita, Yves Secretan (Autor)
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