Complications regarding peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC)

Abstract

The Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) is an intravenous device inserted through a superficial vein of the extremity, progressing up to the superior or inferior vena cava, acquiring characteristics of a central catheter. This device has one or two lumens, is long, flexible, radiopaque, made from biocompatible material. Despite innumerable advantages, complications do exist and can compromise use of PICC. Considering that, the objective of the present study was to approach the main complications when using PICC. The methodology used was bibliographical reviews in Nursing journals at the PUBMED, LILACS and CAPES/OVID databases and in books specialized in intravenous therapy. The identified complications were occlusion, phlebitis, bad positioning, sepsis, thrombosis, local infection, rupture, embolism and difficulty in removing the catheter, often attributed to inadequate aseptic techniques and device manipulation. Thus, in order to be successful in this practice, professionals must seek scientific knowledge and training to be able to prevent complications and intervene on already-existing problems. These measures contribute to reduce the levels of complications described in literature, evidencing that the PICC is an important ally in the treatment, in addition to bringing positive results to quality of assistance.