Factors associated with self-efficacy and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in people with hiv: cognitive social theory
Abstract
Objective: to analyze adherence to antiretroviral therapy and the self-efficacy expectation in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the light of social cognitive theory. Methods: cross-sectional, descriptive, epidemiological and quantitative study with people living with HIV. Data were collected from April to September 2018, through the “Cuestionario para la Evaluación de la Adhesión al TratamientoAntirretroviral” (CEAT-VIH) and the self-efficacy expectation scale, validated and developed in Brazil, where the Mann-Whitney test was used. The Poisson model was applied to assess the probability of good adherence to the CEAT-HIV tool. Results: the average age of 44 years was identified, with a predominance of men. Regular adherence was more representative. The highest median of adherence found was for the questions related to experience, effects and negative feelings. When adjusting the Poisson model, according to the CEAT-HIV tool, it appears that only education and the category related to attention, organization and planning to take antiretroviral therapy (ART) are jointly determining factors for good adherence. Conclusion: it was noticed a satisfactory non-adherence to medication treatment, a fact that is due to factors inherent to the ART, such as social vulnerability, stigma and relationships of self-efficacy expectation, undermining the maintenance of survival with greater morbidity and interfering with quality of life.
Downloads
References
UNAIDS. Programa Conjunto das Nações Unidas sobre HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Global AIDS UpDate. Seizing the moment Geneva. Tackling entrenched inequalities to end epidemics. Geneva: UNAIDS, 2020. [citado em 15 fev 2021]. Disponível em URL: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/2020_global-aids-report_en.pdf
Braga LP, Mendicino CCP, Reis EA, Carmo RA, Pádua CM. Incidence and Predictors of Antiretroviral Treatment modification in HIV-infected adults: a brazilian historical cohort from 2001 to 2010. J Trop Med. 2017; 2017:1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9612653.
Carvalho PP, Barroso SM, Coelho HC, Penaforte FRO. Factors associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence in adults: an integrative review of literature. Ciênc Saúde Colet. 2019; 24(7):2543-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018247.22312017.
Remor E, Milner-Moskovics J, Preussler G. Brazilian adaptation of the Assessment of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Questionnaire. Rev Saúde Pública. 2007; 41(5):685-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102006005000043.
Seidl, EMF, Remor E. Adesão ao Tratamento, Resiliência e Percepção de Doença em Pessoas com HIV.Psicol teor pesqui [on-line]. 2020; 36:e36nspe6. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e36nspe6.
Bandura A. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev.1997; 84(2):191-215.
Bandura A, et al. Teoria social cognitiva:conceitos básicos. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2008.
Santos CMJ, Faro A. Self-efficacy, locus of control and adherence to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. Rev SBPH [on-line]. 2018; 21(1):74-91. Disponível em: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-08582018000100005&lng=pt.
Von Elm E, Altman DG, Pocock SJ, Getzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE). J Clin Epidemiol. [on-line]. 2007; 18:805-835. DOI https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39335.541782.AD.
Leite JCC, Drachler ML, Centeno MO, Pinheiro CAT, Silveira VL. Desenvolvimento de uma escala de auto-eficácia para adesão a tratamento anti-retroviral. Psicol Reflex Crít. 2002; 15(1):121-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722002000100014
Agyeman-Duah E, Sampene PO, Fenteng EA, Ayibor W. Socio-Demographic Characteristics of People Living with HIV/AIDS at the KomfoAnokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana: A Five-Year Retrospective Study. Acta Scientific Medical Sciences [on-line]. 2018; 2(6):42-7. Disponível em: http://www.actascientific.com/ASMS/pdf/ASMS-02-0087.pdf.
Pereira GFM, Pimenta MC, Giozza SP, Caruso AR, Bastos FI, Guimarães MDC. HIV/AIDS, STIs and viral hepatitis in Brazil: epidemiological trends. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2019; 22(Suppl 1):e190001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720190001.supl.1.
Rossi AM, Albanese SPR, Kuriaki AT, Birolim MM, Monroe AA, Arcêncio RA, et al. HIV positivity and associated factors in a counseling and testing center. Ciênc cuid saúde. 2021; 20:e50495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v19i0.50495.
Yu Y, Luo D, Chen X, Huang Z, Wang M, Xiao S. Medication adherence to antiretroviral therapy among newly treated people living with HIV. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:825. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5731-z.
Lenzi L, Tonin FS, Souza VR, Pontarolo R. Social support and HIV: Relationship between Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics and Treatment Adherence. Psicol teor pesqui. 2018;34:e34422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e34422.
Siefried KJ, Mao L, Kerr S, Cysique LA, Gates TM, McAllister J, et al. Socioeconomic factors explain suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected Australian adults with viral suppression. PLos ONE. 2017;12(4):e0174613. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174613.
Pereira LD, Bellinati NVC, Kanan LA. Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-item Scale: assessing self-efficacy in chronic disease management. Rev cuid. 2018;9(3):2435-45. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v9i3.561.
Khoshtarash M, Farahani MA, Zareiyan A. Health-related lifestyle in HIV/AIDS patients: a hybrid concept analysis. HIV AIDS Rev. 2019;18(2): 120-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2019.86376.
Patrício ACFA, Silva IBN, Ferreira MAM, Rodrigues BFL, Silva RF, Nascimento JA, et al. Depression, self-concept, future expectations and hope of people with HIV. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(5):1288-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0730.
Cabral JR, Moraes DCA, Cabral LR, Corrêa CA, Oliveira ECS, Oliveira RC. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and the association in the use of alcohol and psychoactive substances. Enferm glob [on-line]. 2018;52:13-24. Disponível em: http://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/eg/v17n52/pt_1695-6141-eg-17-52-1.pdf.
Goulart S, Meirelles BHS, Costa VT, Pfleger G, Silva LM. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in adults with HIV/AIDS treated at a reference servisse. REME. 2018;22(e-1127):1-6. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.5935/1415-2762.20180050.
Rouleau G, Richard L, Côte J, Gagnon M, Pelletier J. Nursing Practice to Support People Living With HIV With Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence: A Qualitative Study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2019;30(4):20-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/jnc.0000000000000103.
Pfitzner-Eden F. Why Do I Feel More Confident? Bandura's Sources Predict Preservice Teachers' Latent Changes in Teacher Self-Efficacy. Front Psychol. 2016;19(7):2-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01486.
Foresto JS, Melo ES, Costa CRB, Antonini M, Gir E, Reis RK. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy by people living with HIV/AIDS in a municipality of São Paulo. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2017; 38(1):e63158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.159/1983-1447.2017.01.63158.
Copyright (c) 2022 Ciência, Cuidado e Saúde
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
