Uma UMA SAGA HERCÚLEA: EXPERIÊNCIA VIVIDA POR PESSOAS COM TRANSTORNO BIPOLAR
Resumo
O presente estudo teórico objetivou compreender a experiência de pessoas portadoras de transtorno bipolar a partir da análise de pesquisas científicas atuais com foco nas experiências vividas dos participantes. Esse transtorno mental caracteriza-se por oscilações de humor graves que afetam a subjetividade e os relacionamentos interpessoais. Os profissionais da área de saúde mental preocupam-se porque esta condição é responsável pelo maior índice de morte por suicídio em relação aos demais quadros psiquiátricos. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática metaetnográfica de pesquisas publicadas em periódicos científicos qualificados no período de 2016 a 2021. Os resultados foram descritos sob a forma de uma metáfora denominada ‘Saga Hercúlea’ que incluiu seis significados/conceitos principais: 1) O primeiro golpe: perda de controle sobre si e a condenação; 2) As primeiras batalhas: o processo de aceitação do diagnóstico e das vicissitudes decorrentes; 3) A vitória sobre o poço da desvalia: a jornada de recuperação; 4) O encontro com inimigos e amigos: o suporte paradoxal; 5) Os equipamentos de guerra: armas para enfrentar as batalhas e 6) Os tesouros encontrados: habilidades e forças adquiridas no processo de amadurecimento. Concluiu-se que as pessoas com transtorno bipolar vivem experiências radicais de sofrimento que incluem a perda de controle sobre si e vivências de exclusão e estigma social. Por outro lado, a compreensão sobre a doença, a adesão ao tratamento, a luta persistente face aos momentos de instabilidade emocional e a existência de uma rede de apoio adequada favorecem a possibilidade de um processo de recuperação da autonomia pessoal.
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