Una UNA SAGA HERCÚLEA: EXPERIENCIA DE VIDA DE PERSONAS CON TRASTORNO BIPOLAR
Resumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender la experiencia de las personas con trastorno bipolar a partir del análisis de investigaciones científicas actuales centradas en las experiencias vividas de los participantes. Este trastorno mental se caracteriza por cambios de humor severos que afectan la subjetividad y las relaciones interpersonales. Los profesionales de la salud mental están preocupados porque esta condición es responsable de la tasa más alta de muerte por suicidio en relación con otras condiciones psiquiátricas. El estudio consistió en una revisión meta-etnográfica sistemática de investigaciones publicadas en revistas científicas calificadas entre 2016 y 2021. Los resultados se describieron en forma de una metáfora denominada ‘Saga hercúlea’ que incluía seis significados / conceptos principales: 1) El primer golpe : Pérdida de control sobre uno mismo y condena; 2) Las primeras batallas: el proceso de aceptación del diagnóstico y las vicisitudes resultantes; 3) La victoria sobre Poço da Desvalia: el viaje de la recuperación; 4) Encuentro con enemigos y amigos: apoyo paradójico; 5) El equipo de guerra: armas para librar batallas y 6) Los tesoros encontrados: habilidades y fortalezas adquiridas en el proceso de maduración. Se concluyó que las personas con trastorno bipolar viven experiencias radicales de sufrimiento que incluyen pérdida de control sobre sí mismas y experiencias de exclusión y estigma social. Por otro lado, la comprensión de la enfermedad, la adherencia al tratamiento, la lucha persistente ante momentos de inestabilidad emocional y la existencia de una red de apoyo adecuada favorecen la posibilidad de un proceso de recuperación de la autonomía personal.
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