EL EFECTO DE LA MUSICOTERAPIA EM NIÑOS CON AUTISMO: UNA REVISIÓN DEL ESCOPO
Resumen
Realizar una revisión de escopo de la literatura científica para ayudar a responder a la pregunta: “¿Qué estudios publicados desde enero de 2014 hasta febrero de 2021 provocan el efecto de la musicoterapia en niños con autismo?”; resumir y difundir datos de investigación e identificar las lagunas existentes. Método: PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation (Tricco et al., 2018). Se desarrollaron estrategias de búsqueda en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales en ciencias de la salud: PUBMED, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, PSYCHINFO, SCOPUS y LILACS para recuperar los artículos publicados entre 2014 y febrero de 2021. Resultados: 50 artículos fueron leídos íntegramente y analizados por los revisores. y 16 fueron seleccionados por su elegibilidad. Solo un artículo no pudo determinar los beneficios de la musicoterapia. Conclusiones: Los resultados de esta revisión mostraron los efectos positivos de la musicoterapia para la comunicación y la interacción social en niños con autismo. La mayoría de los trabajos son estudios de caso y el tamaño de la muestra es pequeño, pero los resultados obtenidos fueron bastante favorables. Algunos trabajos invirtieron en acompañamientos a largo plazo para verificar que los beneficios de la musicoterapia sean estables y duraderos; es necesario realizar y publicar más trabajo de seguimiento. Esta revisión se centró en la falta de una figura paterna en el proceso de musicoterapia, un punto que podría ser analizado en futuras investigaciones.
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