Intervenciones para el Abandono del Tabaco en los Fumadores Ligeros: Una Revisión Sistemática
Resumen
A pesar de la disminución de la prevalencia de fumadores, el número de tabaquistas de bajo consumo de cigarrillo ha aumentando, comúnmente llamados como fumadores ligeros o moderados. Se sabe que cualquier cantidad de consumo de tabaco puede ser peligroso para la salud. La investigación sobre esta población es escasa y poco se sabe acerca de las intervenciones para dejar de fumar que se centran en estos grupos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue hacer una revisión sistemática para describir los estudios que presentan las intervenciones para los fumadores ligeros y moderados. Las investigaciones fueron hechas a partir de las siguientes bases de datos PubMed, PsycInfo, SciELO y Pepsic. Las palabras clave incluyeron: [light smoker, non-daily smoker, intermittent smoker; social smoking, occasional smoking, low-level smoking] AND [intervention studies, clinical trial and evaluation studies] AND [tobacco use cessation, tobacco use disorder]. Nueve artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y fueron analizados. Los resultados mostraron que las intervenciones exitosas incluyeron consejos y uso de medicamentos, tales como intervención breve, tratamiento de reemplazo de nicotina, Vareniclina, educación para la salud, entre otros. Sin embargo, las intervenciones están en la etapa inicial. Enfatizamos la necesidad de más investigaciones sobre las intervenciones específicas para los fumadores de bajo consumo, el desarrollo de escalas de dependencia exclusivas para estos grupos y estudios epidemiológicos para comprender quiénes son los fumadores ligeros y moderados, especialmente en Brasil.Descargas
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