Alfabetización científica y decisiones en el jurado popular
el conocimiento anatómico más allá de la BNCC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4025/rvc.e026027Palabras clave:
jurado popular, educación en ciencias, formación ciudadanaResumen
Este estudio investigó la comprensión de jurados populares sobre términos anatómicos en juicios por delitos dolosos contra la vida en Salto do Lontra/PR. La investigación, de enfoque cualicuantitativo, realizó un análisis documental de 25 procesos y aplicó cuestionarios a 19 jurados, con tratamiento estadístico e interpretativo. Los resultados revelaron incongruencias entre informes periciales y veredictos, además del predominio de justificaciones subjetivas y baja familiaridad con términos anatómicos fundamentales. A diferencia de una supuesta laguna curricular, se constató que el tema "cuerpo humano" está formalmente presente en la Base Nacional Común Curricular (BNCC). Sin embargo, existe un desfase entre la prescripción normativa y la apropiación efectiva de estos conocimientos, lo que compromete la alfabetización científica necesaria para la racionalidad de las decisiones judiciales. Se concluye que el fortalecimiento de experiencias de aprendizaje significativas en la Educación Básica es esencial para la formación ciudadana, buscando reducir sesgos cognitivos y fortalecer la justicia participativa.
Referencias
AMPANOZI, G.; EBERT, L. C.; SIEBERTH, T.; FLISS, B.; THALI, M. J. The effect of different imaging techniques for the visualisation of evidence in court on jury comprehension. International Journal of Legal Medicine, [s. l.], v. 134, p. 1167–1176, 2020.
BAGULEY, C. M.; McKIMMIE, B. M.; MASSER, B. M. Deconstructing the simplification of jury instructions: How simplifying the features of complexity affects jurors’ application of instructions. Law and Human Behavior, Washington, v. 41, n. 3, p. 284–304, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000234.
BRASIL. Ministério da Educação. Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Brasília, DF, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/mec/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/bncc. Acesso em: 31 jul. 2025.
BERGMAN, E. M.; SIEBERTH, T.; FLISS, B.; THALI, M. J. Students’ perceptions of anatomy across the undergraduate problem-based learning medical curriculum: a phenomenographical study. BMC Medical Education, London, v. 13, p. 152, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-152.
CARDINOT, D. C.; MARTINS, A. F. P. A respeito dos fundamentos teóricos para a educação em ciências para a justiça social. Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação, Belo Horizonte, v. 27, e55154, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-1982eduo13563.
CHEUNG, C. C.; BRIDGES, S. M.; TIPOE, G. L. Why is anatomy difficult to learn? The implications for undergraduate medical curricula. Anatomical Sciences Education, Washington, v. 14, n. 6, p. 752–763, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.2071.
CORNWALL, J.; HILDEBRANDT, S. Anatomy, Education, and Ethics in a Changing World. Anatomical Sciences Education, Washington, v. 12, n. 4, p. 329–453, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1898.
CREMASCO, A. P. T.; CURY, D. P.; SILVA, I. B. Formação docente e ensino da anatomia humana no Brasil. In: MARCONDES, F. K.; AZEVEDO, M. A. R. de (org.). Formação Docente e Inovações no Ensino Superior. Santo André: V e V Editora, 2023.
CUÉLLAR, M.; MAURO, J.; LUBY, A. A probabilistic formalization of contextual bias in forensic analysis. arXiv preprint, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/rssa.12962.
ELDRIDGE, H. Juror comprehension of forensic expert testimony: A literature review and gap analysis. Forensic Science International: Synergy, Amsterdam, v. 1, p. 24–34, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2019.03.001.
ENGLICH, B.; MUSSWEILER, T. Sentencing under uncertainty: Anchoring effects in the courtroom. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, London, v. 31, n. 7, p. 1535–1551, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02687.x.
ESTAI, M.; BUNT, S. Best teaching practices in anatomy education: A critical review. Annals of Anatomy, Jena, v. 208, p. 151–157, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2016.02.010.
EVANS, J. S. B. T.; STANOVICH, K. E. Dual-process theories of higher cognition: Advancing the debate. Perspectives on Psychological Science, Washington, v. 8, n. 3, p. 223–241, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612460685.
FRITSCH, R.; LEITE, C.; LIMA, R. D. O. Políticas curriculares e suas articulações na perspectiva de uma educação mais democrática. Educação em Revista, Belo Horizonte, v. 38, p. e36572, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-469836572T.
HAUB, R.; HOUCK, M. M.; ELDRIDGE, H.; CUÉLLAR, M. Lay Jurors' Understanding of Forensic Evidence: A Systematic Review. Forensic Science International: Synergy, Amsterdam, v. 5, p. 100297, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2023.100297.
HEAVEY, A. L.; HOUCK, M. M. Rethinking scientific communication in courts: a question of credibility. Forensic Science International: Synergy, Amsterdam, v. 9, p. 100483, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100483.
KAHNEMAN, D. Thinking, fast and slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012.
KONG, L.-N.; HUANG, H.; QUAN, X.-M.; ZHOU, L.; ZHENG, Y. Virtual reality–based anatomy education versus traditional methods: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nurse Education Today, London, v. 117, p. 105465, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105465.
LACEY, N.; DUFF, A. The legitimacy of criminal law and the performance crises of penality. Criminal Law and Philosophy, Washington, v. 36, p. 351-380, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10609-025-09509-2.
LEE, J.; MARTINS, A. F. P.; GARCIA, L. S. Aprendizagem autêntica no ensino de anatomia: integrando o raciocínio clínico desde o ciclo básico. Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica, Brasília, DF, v. 49, n. 1, p. e022, 2025.
MASON, M.; EDENS, J. F.; SMITH, L. A. The impact of visual evidence on juror comprehension of medical and anatomical testimony. Journal of Forensic Sciences, Colorado Springs, v. 66, n. 3, p. 788–796, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.14650.
MARONN, T. G.; RIGO, N. M. O corpo humano na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) no Ensino de Ciências: uma análise discursiva. Revista de Ensino de Ciências e Matemática, São Paulo, v. 14, n. 2, p. 1-21, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26843/rencima.v14n2a07
McDANIEL, K. G.; BROWN, T.; RADFORD, C. C.; McDERMOTT, C. H.; VAN HOUTEN, T.; KATZ, M. E.; STEARNS, D. A.; HILDEBRANDT, S. Anatomy as a Model Environment for Acquiring Professional Competencies in Medicine: Experiences at Harvard Medical School. Anatomical Sciences Education, Washington, v. 14, n. 2, p. 241–251, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.2000.
PANDEY, A.; KESH ROY, S. Forensic Science and the Law: Exploring Legal and Ethical Challenges in Criminal Justice. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, Bhopal, v. 5, n. 10, p. 4232–4237, 2024. Disponível em: https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V5ISSUE10/IJRPR34330.pdf
ROBERTS, P.; STOCKDALE, M. (ed.). Forensic science evidence and expert witness testimony: reliability through reform? Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788111034.
SEVERANCE, L. J.; LOFTUS, E. F. Improving the ability of jurors to comprehend and apply criminal jury instructions. Law & Society Review, Cambridge, v. 17, n. 1, p. 153–197, 1982. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3053535.
SANTOS, M. R.; ALMEIDA, V. F.; COSTA, L. B. Capacitação de magistrados e jurados: possibilidades formativas no contexto do tribunal do júri. Revista de Direito e Práticas Jurídicas Contemporâneas, [s. l.], v. 4, n. 1, p. 55–72, 2022.
SILVA, R. R. R. For a democratic curriculum agenda focused on educational innovation for Brazil. Educação em Revista, Belo Horizonte, v. 37, p. e25641, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-469825641.
STANOVICH, K. E.; WEST, R. F. Individual differences in reasoning: Implications for the rationality debate? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Cambridge, v. 23, n. 5, p. 645–665, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00003435.
SWELLER, J. Teoria da carga cognitiva e tecnologia educacional. Education Technology Research and Development, London, v. 68, p. 1–16, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09701-3.
TVERSKY, A.; KAHNEMAN, D. Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Science, Washington, v. 185, n. 4157, p. 1124–1131, 1974. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.185.4157.1124.
TYLER, T. R. Legitimacy based policing. Criminology & Public Policy, London, v. 24, n. 2, p. 165-187, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12695.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Vitruvian Cogitationes

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.











