Central venous catheter clearance in newborns and infants: scoping review
Abstract
Objective: to map the scientific evidence related to the solutions used for the clearance of central venous catheter in newborns and infants. Methods: scoping review, conducted as recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search was conducted in November 2023 using the PCC strategy (Population, Concept and Context), and in this review, the population are newborns and infants; the concept is the substances for clearance of central venous catheter; and the context is the use of central venous catheter. It was performed in the databases of the Online Search System and Analysis of Medical Literature, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Portal of the Virtual Health Library. Studies without language and time restriction were included. Results: seven studies were selected from the 10,044 found, most of them published in the United States. To clear clots, urokinase and alteplase stand out and, in relation to the precipitates, there is sodium bicarbonate (alkaline), hydrochloric acid 0.1% (acids and minerals) and ethanol 70% (lipids). It is observed that there is a predominance of the use of the drug infusion technique over the use of negative pressure. In the case of mechanical occlusion, bends and twists must be corrected. Conclusion: the evidence found on the clearance of central venous catheter in newborns and infants points to the need to know the cause of obstruction, since one is directly related to another. Thus, there are divergences in the type of medications and/or solutions used for the clearance of central venous catheter.
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