Prevalencia de cesárea y factores asociados en un municipio de amazonia brasileña
Resumen
Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la realización de cesáreas en un municipio del interior de la Amazonia Occidental Brasileña. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal y retrospectivo, con datos secundarios de nacimientos en Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre/Brasil, en el período de 2018 a 2021, recolectados del Sistema de Información de Nacidos Vivos (SINASC). Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson para calcular razones de prevalencia brutas y ajustadas con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos en el software Stata, versión 17.0, adoptando un nivel de significación de p <0,05. Resultados: se analizaron 11.770 nacimientos, de los cuales 49,96% ocurrieron por cesárea. La mayor prevalencia se registró en 2020 (56,24%), seguida de una reducción en 2021 (53,09%). La cesárea presentó mayor incidencia en madres mayores de 40 años, blancas, que trabajaron fuera y entre aquellas con cesárea anterior. En cambio, la menor prevalencia fue observada entre las madres que trabajaban en la agricultura, eran solteras o realizaban pocas consultas prenatales. Entre las características neonatales asociadas a la cesárea, se destacan bajo peso al nacer y Apgar en el 1º y 5º minutos. Conclusión: la prevalencia de cesárea excede las recomendaciones internacionales, siendo influenciada por factores maternos, neonatales y el contexto pandémico.
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