TRASTORNO DE ESPECTRO AUTISTA: DÓNDE ESTAMOS Y HACIA DÓNDE VAMOS
Resumen
El propósito de este artículo es presentar una revisión de la literatura sobre el autismo señalando los avances recientes de investigación resultantes que han arrojado luz sobre la comprensión del trastorno. Informa históricamente como los criterios para este diagnóstico en la clasificación de los manuales de medicina se están siendo avanzados, complementados y suplantados con base en la investigación por la corriente del DSM-5. Se realiza una revisión de las investigaciones empíricas que impulsó a estos cambios para sintetizar lo que se ha considerado como aspectos centrales de este trastorno como un espectro dimensional. Se analiza el creciente número de diagnósticos, enfatizando o que las investigaciones multidisciplinares han identificado como posibles causas, y lo que se sabe acerca de las expectativas de desarrollo para la edad adulta. Por último, revisa el panorama de los principales programas y modelos de intervención para las personas con autismo en las áreas de salud y educación, para apuntar a los retos actuales en este contexto y aquellos que se abordarán en el futuro.
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