The Influence of Digital Media and Brands On Children's Behavior
Abstract
This study investigates the influence that digital social media and brands have on the behavior of children aged 4 to 9. The research, qualitative and exploratory in nature, was conducted through relaxed interviews with ten children, organized in a game format to encourage authentic reactions. The results indicate that even very young children are deeply impacted by advertising, often unconsciously. Moreover, it was found that parents are not fully aware of the extent of this media influence and tend to believe its effects are limited to excessive consumption, overlooking other potential consequences. From an academic perspective, the study broadens the understanding of the impacts of marketing strategies targeting children, providing valuable insights for future research on child consumer behavior and brand relationships. In practical terms, the findings highlight the importance of greater vigilance on the part of parents, schools, and regulators regarding children’s use of digital media. By doing so, it becomes possible to foster more informed and healthier young consumers, minimizing excessive exposure to advertising and its potential negative repercussions on child development.
Downloads
References
Aaker, D. A. (1996). Criando e administrando marcas de sucesso. São Paulo: Futura.
Andrade, A. (2017). Os desafios dos nativos digitais: a Geração Z! Estadão Educação.
Baldwin, H. J., Freeman, B., & Kelly, B. (2018). Like and share: Associations between social media engagement and dietary choices in children. Public Health Nutrition, 21(17), 3210–3215. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018001866
Bellato, L. L. N., & Lima, M. C. (2010). Desafios e oportunidades para as marcas no contexto da Era Digital: Estudo de caso. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa de Marketing, Opinião e Midia, 3(1), 8–16.
Bennett, S. (2012). Digital natives. University of Wollongong Research Online.
Bizarrias, F. S., & Lopes, E. L. (2017). Escalas concorrentes para mensuração do amor à marca: um estudo no contexto nacional. Revista de Administração IMED, 7(1), 180-207.
Calvert, S. L. (2008). Children as consumers: Advertising and marketing. Future of Children, 18(1), 205–234. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.0.0001
Carvalho, G. J. de. (2018). Redes sociais e influenciadores digitais - Uma descrição das influências no comportamento de consumo digital. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisas de Marketing, Opinião e Mídia, 11, 175–189. http://www.revistapmkt.com.br/Portals/9/Revistas/v11n2/4 - Organização partidária e votos no Legislativo.pdf
Claffey, E., & Brady, M. (2019). An empirical study of the impact of consumer emotional engagement and affective commitment in firm-hosted virtual communities. Journal of Marketing Management, 35(11–12), 1047–1079. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2019.1601125
Código de Proteção e Defesa do Consumidor, (2019).
Confos, N., & Davis, T. (2016). Young consumer-brand relationship building potential using digital marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 50(11), 1993–2017. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-07-2015-0430
Cox, M. (1992). Children‘s drawings. Penguin Books.
David, M. E., David, F. R., & David, F. R. (2017). The quantitative strategic planning matrix: a new marketing tool. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 25(4), 342–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2016.1148763
Dessart, L., Veloutsou, C., & Morgan-Thomas, A. (2015). Consumer engagement in online brand communities: A social media perspective. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 24(1), 28–42. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-06-2014-0635
Dey, B. L., Yen, D., & Samuel, L. (2020). Digital consumer culture and digital acculturation. International Journal of Information Management, 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.102057
Estatuto Social do Instituto Alana, (2020).
Foroudi, P., Gupta, S., Nazarian, A., & Duda, M. (2017). Digital technology and marketing management capability: achieving growth in SMEs. Qualitative Market Research, 20(2), 230-246. https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-01-2017-0014
Gurău, C. (2008). Integrated online marketing communication: Implementation and management. Journal of Communication Management, 12(2), 169-184. https://doi.org/10.1108/13632540810881974
Hollebeek, L. D., & Macky, K. (2019). Digital content marketing’s role in fostering consumer engagement, trust, and value: framework, fundamental propositions, and implications. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 45, 27-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2018.07.003
Jacobson, J. (2020). You are a brand: social media managers’ personal branding and “the future audience.” Journal of Product and Brand Management, 29(6), 715-727. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-03-2019-2299
Judd, T. (2018). The rise and fall (?) of the digital natives. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 34(5), 99-119. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.3821
Keegan, B. J., & Rowley, J. (2017). Evaluation and decision making in social media marketing. Management Decision, 55(1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-10-2015-0450
Kelly, B., Boyland, E., King, L., Bauman, A., Chapman, K., & Hughes, C. (2019). Children’s exposure to television food advertising contributes to strong brand attachments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132358
Kennedy, A. M., Jones, K., & Williams, J. (2019). Children as vulnerable consumers in online environments. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 53(4), 1478-1506. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12253
Kesharwani, A. (2019). Information & Management Do ( how ) digital natives adopt a new technology differently than digital immigrants ? A longitudinal study. August 2016.
Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (1998). Princípios de marketing. Prentice Hall.
Kotler, P. (1995). Princípios de marketing. Prentice Hall.
Lim, Feen-Su; Pham, Phuoc; Heinrichs, F. H. (2020). Impact of social media activity outcomes on brand equity. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 29(6), 927–937. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-03-2019-2298
Lopes, C. A. (2010). Legislação de proteção de crianças e adolescentes contra publicidade ofensiva: a situação do Brasil e o panorama internacional. Brasilia.
Lopes, E. L., & Goulart‐da‐Silva, J. (2022). The effect of celebrity endorsement on omission neglect at different levels of skepticism. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 46(3), 803-817.
Lopez, A., & Rodriguez, R. (2018). Children and their brands: how young consumers relate to brands. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 35(2), 130-142. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-06-2016-1842
Malhotra, G., Mishra, S., & Saxena, G. (2021). Consumers’ psychological reactance and ownership in in-game advertising. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 39(6), 842–855. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-09-2020-0419
Malthouse, E., & Hofacker, C. (2010). Looking back and looking forward with interactive marketing. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 24(3), 181-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2010.04.005
Massyliouk, M. F. da F., & Campos, R. D. (2016). Validação de um modelo conceitual de experiência de compra online para consumidores brasileiros. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 15(4), 474-485. https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v15i4.3409
Minowa, Y., & Belk, R. W. (2020). Qualitative approaches to life course research: Linking life story to gift giving. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 30(1), 60-75.
Moliner-Tena, M. A., Monferrer-Tirado, D., & Estrada-Guillén, M. (2019). Customer engagement, non-transactional behaviors and experience in services: A study in the bank sector. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 37(3), 730-754. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-04-2018-0107
Montgneaux, N. (2003). Público-alvo: crianças - a força dos personagens e do marketing para falar com o consumidor infantil. Rio de Janeiro: Campus.
Mortari, E. C. M., & Santos, S. F. dos. (2016). Monitoramento de redes sociais digitais como estratégia organizaciona. Intercom: Revista Brasileira de Ciências da Comunicação, 39(1), 91-109. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-5844201616
Neves, M. F., & Conejero, M. A. (2012). Uma contribuição empírica para geração de métodos de planejamento e gestão. Revista de Administração, 47(4), 699-714. https://doi.org/10.5700/rausp1068
Núñez-Gómez, P., Sánchez-Herrera, J., & Pintado-Blanco, T. (2020). Children’s engagement with brands: From social media consumption to brand preference and loyalty. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(22), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229337
Okada, S. I., & Souza, E. M. S. de. (2011). Estratégias de marketing digital na era da busca. Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 10(1), 46-72. https://doi.org/10.5585/remark.v10i1.2199
Piaget, J. (1998). The language and thought of the child. In Routledge (Vol. 5).
Prado, R. A. D. P., & Lopes, E. L. (2016). Tick tock, tick tock! An experimental study on the time pressure effect on omission neglect. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 28(5), 332-346.
Prensky, M. (2001). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants. MCB University Press, 09(5). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483387765.n6
Ritz, W., Wolf, M., & McQuitty, S. (2019). Digital marketing adoption and success for small businesses. Journal of
Research in Interactive Marketing, 13(2), 179-203. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-04-2018-0062
Roberts, R. E. (2020). Qualitative interview questions: guidance for novice researchers. Qualitative Report, 25(9).
Romano, F. M., Chimenti, P., Rodrigues, M. A. D. S., Hupsel Vaz, L. F., & Nogueira, R. (2018). O impacto das mídias sociais digitais na comunicação organizacional das empresas. Future Studies Research Journal: Trends and Strategies, 6(1), 53-82. https://doi.org/10.24023/futurejournal/2175-5825/2014.v6i1.119
Rozendaal, E., Buijzen, M., & Valkenburg, P. (2010). Comparing children’s and adults’ cognitive advertising competences in the Netherlands. Journal of Children and Media, 4(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482790903407333
Ryynänen, T., & Hyyryläinen, T. (2018). Digitalisation of consumption and digital humanities - Development trajectories and challenges for the future. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2084, 363–371.
Santos, A. F. (2016). Infância, mídia e consumo, Estadão Educação.
Smith, R., Kelly, B., Yeatman, H., & Boyland, E. (2019). Food marketing influences children’s attitudes, preferences and consumption: A systematic critical review. Nutrients, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040875
Taiminen, H. M., & Karjaluoto, H. (2015). The usage of digital marketing channels in SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 22(4), 633–651. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-05-2013-0073
Tatlow-Golden, M., & Garde, A. (2020). Digital food marketing to children: Exploitation, surveillance and rights violations. Global Food Security, 27(August). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100423
Thiollent, M. (2009). Metodologia da pesquisa ação. Cortez.
Tobergte, D. R., & Curtis, S. (2013). Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente: anotado e interpretado. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699. http://www.crianca.mppr.mp.br/arquivos/File/publi/caopca/eca_anotado_2013_6ed.pdf
Valos, M. J., Casidy, R., Haji Habibi, F., Maplestone, V. L., & Driesener, C. B. (2016). Exploring the integration of social media within integrated marketing communication frameworks. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 34(1), 19–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/mip-09-2014-0169
Yin, R. K. (2016). Pesquisa qualitativa do início ao fim. Penso Editora Ltda.
Declaro que o presente artigo é original, não tendo sido submetido à publicação em qualquer outro periódico nacional ou internacional, quer seja em parte ou em sua totalidade. Declaro, ainda, que uma vez publicado na Revista Interdisciplinar de Marketing, editada pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá, o mesmo jamais será submetido por mim ou por qualquer um dos demais co-autores a qualquer outro meio de divulgação científica. Através deste instrumento, em meu nome e em nome dos demais co-autores, porventura existentes, cedo os direitos autorais do referido artigo à Universidade Estadual de Maringá e declaro estar ciente de que a não observância deste compromisso submeterá o infrator a sanções e penas previstas na Lei de Proteção de Direitos Autorias (Nº9609, de 19/02/98).
Em virtude de aparecerem nesta revista de acesso público, os artigos são de uso gratuito, com atribuições próprias, em aplicações educacionais e não-comerciais. À Revista Interdisciplinar de Marketing é permitido o uso dos trabalhos publicados para fins não-comerciais, incluindo o direito de enviar o trabalho para bases de dados de acesso público.