Bioenergy Recovery in Full-Scale Anaerobic Co-digestion of Swine Wastewater and Pig Bedding Material
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v48i1.75183Palavras-chave:
Bioenergy; Bioresource; Resource recovery; Sustainability; Swine farming.Resumo
Pig farming represents a rapidly expanding segment of Brazil’s agricultural sector, concomitant with the generation of substantial volumes of wastewater, the effective management of which demands strategic solutions. Anaerobic digestion has been identified as a promising solution for the preliminary treatment of these effluents, concurrently yielding methane-rich biogas, which possesses the capability to generate thermal or electrical energy. This study evaluates a new anaerobic treatment method, through the co-digestion of swine wastewater (SWW) and bedding material (BM) on a real scale, changing the production of bioenergy. The experiment was divided into four phases: Phase 1, monitoring the biodigester operating solely with swine wastewater (SWW); Phase 2, application of SWW + 2 tonnes of BM (SWW+2 T); Phase 3, SWW + 6 tonnes of BM (SWW + 6 T); and Phase 4, SWW + 10 tonnes of BM (SWW+10 T). Loads of 320 ( ± 2.3) to 805 ( ± 18) kg COD d?¹ in the summer and from 310 ( ± 1.5) to 780 ( ± 13) kg COD d?¹ in the winter were applied. The concentrations of methane and CO? were measured by gas chromatography. Biogas productions three times higher were recorded when 12 tons of BM were applied, which, when converted into bioenergy potential, resulted in the generation of 635 kWh per day of bioenergy in the summer and 270 kWh per day in the winter. Methane yield was highest in the summer with the application of 12 tons of BM (0.34 m3 KgCODRem?1). Volatile solids and COD removals ranged between 60-70% and 61-84%, respectively. The findings highlight that the use of deep bedding alongside SWW contributes significantly to biogas production, and co-digestion is recommended to enhance electricity generation on farms, with the added benefit of treating two waste types in a single reactor.
Downloads
Referências
Ahn, Y., Lee, W., Kang, S., & Kim, S. H. (2020). Enhancement of sewage sludge digestion by co-digestion with food waste and swine waste. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 11(5), 2421–2430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-00558-w
Ajay, C. M., Mohan, S., Dinesha, P., & Rosen, M. A. (2020). Review of impact of nanoparticle additives on anaerobic digestion and methane generation. Fuel, 277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118234
Antonelli, J., Lindino, A., Rodrigues De Azevedo, J. C., Nelson, S., De Souza, M., Cremonez, P. A., & Rossi, E. (2016). Biogas production by the anaerobic digestion of whey. Revista de Ciências Agrárias, 39(3), 463–467. http://dx.doi.org/10.19084/RCA15115
APHA, AWWA, & WEF. (2012). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (22nd ed.). American Public Health Association.
Atelge, M. R., Atabani, A. E., Banu, J. R., Krisa, D., Kaya, M., Eskicioglu, C., Kumar, G., Lee, C., Yildiz, Y., Unalan, S., Mohanasundaram, R., & Duman, F. (2020). A critical review of pretreatment technologies to enhance anaerobic digestion and energy recovery. Fuel, 270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117494
Banerjee, S., Prasad, N., & Selvaraju, S. (2022). Reactor design for biogas production—A short review. Journal of Energy and Power Technology, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.21926/jept.2201004
Cândido, D., Bolsan, A. C., Hollas, C. E., Venturi, B., Tápparo, D. C., Bonassa, G., Antes, F. G., Steinmetz, R. L. R., Bortoli, M., & Kunz, A. (2022). Integration of swine manure anaerobic digestion and digestate nutrients removal/recovery under a circular economy concept. Journal of Environmental Management, 301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113825
Castano, J. M., Martin, J. F., & Ciotola, R. (2014). Performance of a small-scale, variable temperature fixed dome digester in a temperate climate. Energies, 7(9), 5701–5716. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7095701
Cho, S. K., Im, W. T., Kim, D. H., Kim, M. H., Shin, H. S., & Oh, S. E. (2013). Dry anaerobic digestion of food waste under mesophilic conditions: Performance and methanogenic community analysis. Bioresource Technology, 131, 210–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.148
Costa, G. S. da, & Marvulli, M. V. N. (2020). Soluções alternativas para o tratamento, disposição ou reutilização de dejetos animais provenientes de atividade suinícola no Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 3(3), 1471–1479. https://doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv3n3-063
D’Aquino, C. A., de Mello, T. C., & Júnior, L. C. (2019). The effect of organic loading rate’s natural variation on the biogas yields from swine manure digestion at different hydraulic retention time. Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, 24(3), 613–617. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-41522019124926
de Mendonça, H. V., Martins, C. E., Rocha, W. S. D., Borges, C. A. V., Ometto, J. P. H. B., & Otenio, M. H. (2018). Biofertilizer replace urea as a source of nitrogen for sugarcane production. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-3874-2
de Mendonça, H. V., Ometto, J. P. H. B., & Otenio, M. H. (2017). Production of energy and biofertilizer from cattle wastewater in farms with intensive cattle breeding. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3264-1
de Mendonça, H. V., Ometto, J. P. H. B., Otenio, M. H., Delgado Dos Reis, A. J., & Marques, I. P. R. (2017). Bioenergy recovery from cattle wastewater in an UASB-AF hybrid reactor. Water Science and Technology, 76(8), 2268–2279. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.325
de Mendonça, H. V., Otenio, M. H., & Paula, V. R. (2021). Anaerobic digestion for the production of renewable energy. Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente, 14(3), e7667. https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2021v14n3e7667
de Souza, D. S., Maciel, A. M., Otenio, M. H., & de Mendonça, H. V. (2020). Optimization of ozone application in post-treatment of cattle wastewater from organic farms. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04736-2
Deng, C., Lin, R., Kang, X., Wu, B., Wall, D. M., & Murphy, J. D. (2021). What physicochemical properties of biochar facilitate interspecies electron transfer in anaerobic digestion: A case study of digestion of whiskey by-products. Fuel, 306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121736
Egwu, U., Sallis, P., & Oko, E. (2021). Study of the impacts of supplements on the specific methane production during anaerobic digestion of the West African Gamba and Guinea Grass. Fuel, 285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119060
Elihimas, D. R. M., de Mendonça, G. F., Cavalcanti, C. J. S., Ravagnani, M. A. S. S., Costa, C. B. B., Simoes, D. A., Gavazza, S., & Fernandes, B. S. (2025). Towards biogas production from vinasse and pentose liquor from sugarcane biorefineries. Energy Conversion and Management: X, 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100925
Grady, C. P. L., Jr., & Lim, H. C. (1980). Biological waste treatment. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Jameel, M. K., Mustafa, M. A., Ahmed, H. S., Mohammed, A. J., Ghazy, H., Shakir, M. N., Lawas, A. M., Mohammed, S. K., Idan, A. H., Mahmoud, Z. H., Sayadi, H., & Kianfar, E. (2024). Biogas: Production, properties, applications, economic and challenges: A review. Results in Chemistry, 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101549
Kothari, R., Pandey, A. K., Kumar, S., Tyagi, V. V., & Tyagi, S. K. (2014). Different aspects of dry anaerobic digestion for bio-energy: An overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 39, 174–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.011
Leite, P. F. A. F., Vich, D. V., & Callado, N. H. (2021). Tratamento de dejetos de suinocultura em reator anaeróbio com pós-tratamento aeróbio/anóxico. Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, 26(3), 567–576. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220200009
Lin, W. C., Chen, Y. P., & Tseng, C. P. (2013). Pilot-scale chemical-biological system for efficient H2S removal from biogas. Bioresource Technology, 135, 283–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.040
Matos, A. T. (2014). Tratamento e aproveitamento agrícola de resíduos sólidos. Editora UFV.
Monou, M., Pafitis, N., Kythreotou, N., Smith, S. R., Mantzavinos, D., & Kassinos, D. (2008). Anaerobic co-digestion of potato processing wastewater with pig slurry and abattoir wastewater. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 83(12), 1658–1667. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2000
Nascimento, A. M., Maciel, A. M., Silva, J. B. G., Mendonça, H. V., Paula, V. R., & Otenio, M. H. (2020). Biofertilizer application on corn (Zea mays) increases the productivity and quality of the crop without causing environmental damage. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04778-6
Nguyen, V. K., Chaudhary, D. K., Dahal, R. H., Trinh, N. H., Kim, J., Chang, S. W., Hong, Y., La Duc, D., Nguyen, X. C., Ngo, H. H., Chung, W. J., & Nguyen, D. D. (2021). Review on pretreatment techniques to improve anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Fuel, 285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119105
Niu, D. J., Huang, H., Dai, X. H., & Zhao, Y. C. (2013). Greenhouse gases emissions accounting for typical sewage sludge digestion with energy utilization and residue land application in China. Waste Management, 33(1), 123–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.06.022
Prabhu, A. V., Raja, S. A., Avinash, A., & Pugazhendhi, A. (2021). Parametric optimization of biogas potential in anaerobic co-digestion of biomass wastes. Fuel, 288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119574
Qin, W., Han, S., Meng, F., Chen, K., Gao, Y., Li, J., Lin, L., Hu, E., & Jiang, J. (2024). Impacts of seasonal variation on volatile fatty acids production of food waste anaerobic fermentation. Science of The Total Environment, 912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168764
Riaño, B., Molinuevo, B., & García-González, M. C. (2011). Potential for methane production from anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure with winery wastewater. Bioresource Technology, 102(5), 4131–4136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.077
Rockenbach, F. L., Souza, A. M., & Oliveira, J. H. R. de. (2016). Economic feasibility of biogas production in swine farms using time series analysis. Ciência Rural, 46(7), 1295–1300. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141848
Rodrigues, L. S., Torres, E. P., Rodrigues, L. A., Dutra, J. da C. F., Sampaio, R. R., & Silva, I. J. da. (2020). Aplicabilidade de sistema reator anaeróbio compartimentado seguida de filtro anaeróbio no tratamento de efluentes de suinocultura de pequeno porte. Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, 25(3), 451–456. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-41522020137661
Singh, N., Gautam, Y., Balakrishnan, M., & Basu, S. (2021). Separation of lignin from pulp and paper mill wastewater using forward osmosis process. Materials Today: Proceedings, 47(7), 1423–1429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.435
Singh, R. K., Tiwari, G. N., & Sinha, A. S. K. (2025). Thermal modelling of semitransparent photovoltaic thermal and flat plate collector integrated biogas plant for slurry heating: An experimental validation. Renewable Energy, 241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.122778
Sousa, F. A., Campos, A. T., Ivo, P., Amaral, S., & Veloso, A. V. (2017). Produção de biogás proveniente de camas sobrepostas de suínos. Energia na Agricultura, 32(3), 229–236. https://doi.org/10.17224/EnergAgric.2017v32n3p229-236
Tait, S., Tamis, J., Edgerton, B., & Batstone, D. J. (2009). Anaerobic digestion of spent bedding from deep litter piggery housing. Bioresource Technology, 100(7), 2210–2218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.032
Wu, W., Cheng, L. C., & Chang, J. S. (2020). Environmental life cycle comparisons of pig farming integrated with anaerobic digestion and algae-based wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Management, 264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110512
Vieira de Mendonça, H., & Silva dos Santos, M. (2022). Co-digestion of deep bedding and wastewater from pig farming: A new strategy for bioenergy increase and biofertilizer recovery. Journal of Environmental Management, 304, 114310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114310
Yang, H., Guo, Y., Fang, N., & Dong, B. (2023). Life cycle assessment of sludge anaerobic digestion combined with land application treatment route: Greenhouse gas emission and reduction potential. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.111255
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Henrique Vieira de Mendonça, Mônica Silva dos Santos (Autor)
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
DECLARAÇíO DE ORIGINALIDADE E DIREITOS AUTORAIS
Declaro que o presente artigo é original, não tendo sido submetido í publicação em qualquer outro periódico nacional ou internacional, quer seja em parte ou em sua totalidade.
Os direitos autorais pertencem exclusivamente aos autores. Os direitos de licenciamento utilizados pelo periódico é a licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0): são permitidos o compartilhamento (cópia e distribuição do material em qualqer meio ou formato) e adaptação (remix, transformação e criação de material a partir do conteúdo assim licenciado para quaisquer fins, inclusive comerciais.
Recomenda-se a leitura desse link para maiores informações sobre o tema: fornecimento de créditos e referências de forma correta, entre outros detalhes cruciais para uso adequado do material licenciado.
