<b>History of Teacher Training for Childhood: Experiences in Brazil and Argentina
Abstract
The figure of the teacher is present in the memories of everyone who has been to school sometime in their life. It is usually a female representation, that plays a central role in the education of young children in all the countries of the West, where the teaching job was, after the nineteenth century, mostly in the hands of women. This paperwork, currently in progress, is part of a cooperation project developed between institutions in Brazil and Argentina. Aspects of the history of brazilian childhood (the object of previous studies and researches) and argentinian childhood (newer bibliography approach) will be discussed; especially in what concerns the place of the teacher or the woman and their implications in the organization of the education of young children. Historically, the way how the female presence was built in the education of young children is responsible for imprinting a form of school organization which refers to practices of ' mothering ' or of 'biologist ' conceptions of the education of women, and those concepts are reflected in policies of childhood education in Brazil and Argentina, reaching to the present. This study permeates, thus, both the historical and the social organization of children educational and care institutions, using the theoretical contributions of the two countries on the issue, and also the contributions of Norbert Elias, to understand the formation of the 'civilized' individuals since their childhood. Literature surveys will be presented in an attempt to understand how the theme is approached in both countries, resorting to studies about the formation of education professionals and the role of the genders.
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