the ethical boundary of wars under the threshold of human rights and international humanitarian law

Abstract

This study analyzes the ethical and legal limits related to armed conflicts in light of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law, highlighting the importance of these normative systems for the protection of human dignity in war scenarios. The research is based on the understanding that, although armed conflicts are part of the history of international relations, the international community has sought over time to establish rules capable of limiting the impacts of violence and preserving the integrity of those affected by these confrontations. In this sense, the work discusses the conceptual and practical differences between human rights and international humanitarian law, highlighting their forms of application and their complementarity in the protection of human beings. The foundations of human dignity as an ethical limit to the conduct of wars are also analyzed, emphasizing that even in contexts of hostility there are norms designed to prevent practices considered degrading or inhuman. In addition, the study addresses the challenges posed by the modernization of military strategies, the use of advanced warfare technologies, and the growing complexity of contemporary conflicts, factors that have contributed to the weakening of humanitarian norms in certain international contexts. The methodology used was based on bibliographic research, with analysis of academic works, international documents, and studies produced by experts in the field of international law. The results indicate that, despite the institutional and normative advances achieved over the last few decades, the effectiveness of humanitarian norms still depends on the commitment of States and the actions of international organizations in monitoring and holding violators accountable. It is concluded that the strengthening of international protection mechanisms and respect for humanitarian norms are essential elements for the preservation of human dignity, even in the face of the complexities of contemporary armed conflicts, which are failing to honor the seal of respect for norms relating to human rights and humanitarian rights.