<b>Por uma Bibliografia Material das Escritas Ordinárias: o espaço gráfico do caderno escolar (França – Séculos XIX e XX)</b>

Abstract

In France, from the middle of the 19th century, the school doesn’t restrain its ambitions to a limited literacy to the “just reading” or even to the reading, writing and counting any longer. It seeks to spread several complicated “savoir-fare” that permit each child to go into the multiple writing functions. The school notebook, that substitutes the simple sheet of paper, becomes the writing space in which all the apprenticeship takes place. The student then finds out not only how to organize the bi-dimensional space proper to the graphical order, as well as through the writing, control the time of his tasks and his days. Mixing to the text, schemes, pictures and even images, he is given the means to dispose of a proper instrument to organize his knowledge encyclopedia. The school notebooks study turns up like a privileged example of the material bibliography methods application to the handwritten objects carrying ordinary writings.