Sport participation in relation to mental and physical problems in an Italian primary school

Abstract

The covid-19 pandemic has caused physiological problems such as cough and headache, or linked to a decrease in physical activity and changes in diet, psychological problems such as forms of depression, fear, stress or anxiety and socio-relational problems in around the world, but it has had an even greater impact on children as evidenced by numerous articles in the scientific literature. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between sports activity and certain physiological or psychological problems. Research was carried out in an Italian primary school using questionnaires (PHQ-9 and an ad-hoc questionnaire). The research involved 146 pupils aged between 6 and 11 years (age 8.6 ± 1.5). After conducting postural assessment, kinesiological analysis and questionnaires, values associated with sporting activity, depression, postural problems, and joint hypermobility were calculated. The results showed an excessive increase in BMI in children ranging from first grade to fifth grade with a high percentage of obesity. The data showed that the excessive increase in body weight was associated with postural problems especially affecting the feet (flat feet). Also, the value on the perception of depression (PHQ-9) indicated an increase during growth, even if the values were not high and were also a result of a greater self-awareness during growth. The results of the correlations are in line with those found in the referenced scientific literature. Positive correlations have been found between BMI and flatfoot, and between flatfoot and postural problems. Finally, the statistically significant correlations between the PHQ-9 results and the BMI and the hours of sporting activity carried out showed once again how important sport is as a tool to counter with both the increase of fat mass (i.e. education in correct active lifestyle) and depressive phenomenon. In conclusion, the results of present study, conducted in a primary school, albeit limited in terms of the sample size, can be useful for reflection and awareness of the growth of new generations and on how important the educational aspect of physical education (curriculum) and sports activities (extra-curricular activities) is in order to teach children correct and healthy active lifestyles.