Effects of the physical training on the kinetics of the GH/IGF-I axis and the implications on the growth process of children and adolescents

Abstract

GH/IGF-I axis components are constituted by a group of factors that directly impact growth. However, some studies have indicated that the levels of these components can be reduced in response to training sessions. This reduction may be linked to elevated cytokines, which can result from strenuous exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of the physical training on the kinetics of the GH / IGF-I axis and the implications on the growth process of children and adolescents. An electronic databases search was conducted and articles from 1989 to 2023 were included. The concentrations of GH and IGF-I are significantly elevated during puberty, especially during the growth spurt. However, factors such as nutritional status, body composition, concentration of hormones and also the intensity of physical training sessions can influence the GH and IGF-I release. The study concludes that regular physical training does not affect the growth of children and adolescents, but highlights the importance of understanding the roles of hormones, cytokines, and the muscular system in physical exercise. Such knowledge is essential for a more comprehensive understanding of how the body adapts to training. Hormonal responses can be valuable for improving training cycles and monitoring load intensity, particularly during puberty.