The hand, the brain, the heart. Requirements for reading in school manuals for the Normal Course (1940-1960/Brazil-Portugal)

Abstract

School manuals to be used by teachers and students were
established in Portugal and Brazil in the late 19 th century and
were consolidated throughout the 20 th century as instruments/
objects of school culture. This text examines a school manual for
use at the Normal Schools produced in Brazil in 1955 – Lições
de Pedagogia, 1º ano, by Aquiles Archêro Júnior –, which, in the
requirements for reading, interacted with a manual produced in
Portugal in 1949 and used in Brazil – A arte da leitura, by Mário
Gonçalves Viana. This research focuses on the requirements for
the teaching of reading at school and seeks to highlight how
authors used knowledge that contributed to make reading a
school knowledge.