Análisis de los factores determinantes de las habilidades matemáticas del siglo XXI como base para el diseño de un modelo de aprendizaje diferenciado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4025/actascieduc.v48.i1.77465Palabras clave:
resolución creativa de problemas; análisis factorial; currículo independiente; preferencias de aprendizaje; inteligencia lógica; motivación estudiantil.Resumen
Un modelo de aprendizaje diferenciado se considera la solución adecuada para satisfacer las diversas necesidades de los estudiantes en el contexto de las habilidades matemáticas del siglo XXI. En Indonesia, este tema es particularmente relevante dentro de la implementación del Currículo Independiente, que enfatiza el aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante, la flexibilidad y el desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento de orden superior en la educación matemática. Sin embargo, se requiere un análisis profundo para identificar los factores que pueden sustentar la eficacia de este modelo de aprendizaje. Se utiliza investigación cuantitativa con un enfoque de análisis factorial para identificar variables o componentes que influyen significativamente en las habilidades matemáticas del siglo XXI de los estudiantes. Se obtuvieron datos de factores no cognitivos de cuestionarios y datos de factores cognitivos de pruebas. El instrumento de investigación cumple con los criterios de validez de contenido y constructos, y fue fiable. El análisis de datos utilizó técnicas de Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE), Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) y análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Los resultados del análisis de determinación muestran que los factores dominantes que influyen en las habilidades matemáticas del siglo XXI de los estudiantes (Y) son la motivación (X1), el estilo de aprendizaje (X3), la inteligencia lógico-matemática (X7) y la creatividad en la resolución de problemas (X8), con el mejor modelo de ecuación: Y = 0,185X1 + 0,508X3 + 0,226X7 + 0,308X8 + E. La interacción entre la motivación, el estilo de aprendizaje, la inteligencia lógico-matemática y la creatividad crea un ecosistema de aprendizaje ideal. La motivación mejora la capacidad de los estudiantes para explorar enfoques de aprendizaje alineados con sus preferencias de aprendizaje, mientras que la inteligencia lógico-matemática y la creatividad proporcionan una base para la resolución eficaz de problemas. Dentro del contexto del sistema educativo de Indonesia, estos hallazgos ofrecen una base empírica para diseñar diferenciado.
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