A escolha pela docência como a carreira possível: o papel da origem social e do gênero na permanência de professoras de ciências
Resumo
Diversos países têm lutado para atrair e reter professores qualificados, especialmente no ensino de ciências, visto que estão se afastando dessa carreira devido à baixa remuneração e outras oportunidades profissionais. Nesse cenário, é fundamental entender o que influencia os professores a escolher e permanecer na carreira docente. Neste estudo, investigamos o que influencia a escolha da carreira docente e a permanência nela. A partir da literatura da área, elencamos cinco elementos motivacionais que impactam a escolha do professor: amor, cuidado, capacidade, vocação e profissão. Usando a teoria de Bourdieu, interpretamos esse processo destacando o papel da origem social e do gênero. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com quatro professoras brasileiras e elaborados seus retratos sociológicos. Os resultados mostram que a escolha pelo ensino não é livre ou deliberada, mas condicionada pelos diferentes elementos acima referidos, intrinsecamente relacionados com a trajetória do professor. Dadas as condições socioeconômicas e de gênero para a escolha da profissão, as possibilidades reais e potenciais de trabalho, as expectativas profissionais e pessoais, a docência tornou-se a melhor opção profissional, o sonho possível. Além de explorar uma análise sociológica relacional dos elementos que levam os professores a escolher e permanecer na profissão e mostrar como o contexto decadente da profissão afeta a ação dos professores, as implicações deste estudo reforçam a necessidade de tornar a carreira docente mais atraente a sujeitos de diferentes gêneros e origens sociais.
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