Lifestyle of university students and its repercussions on health: integrative review
Abstract
Lifestyle represents modifiable behavior patterns that can impact individuals' health. The objective of this study was to describe the available scientific evidence regarding the lifestyle of university students and its repercussions on the health conditions of this population. This is an integrative review conducted from August to September 2022. The search was performed in the electronic databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, SciELO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. For this purpose, the controlled descriptors 'students', 'universities', 'lifestyle', and 'health', indexed in DeCS/MeSH, respectively, were used. The Boolean operator 'AND' was employed as a connector. Only articles published in the last ten years (2012 to 2022) and in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included. After the searches, 3,029 articles were identified. With the application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria, eight articles remained that answered the study's guiding question: "What is the lifestyle of university students and what are its repercussions on the health conditions of this population?". Analyzing the results of the included studies, it was observed that university students presented an inadequate lifestyle with poor eating habits, smoking, alcoholism, insufficient physical activity, and abnormal sleep patterns, which consequently relate to health problems presented by these students such as general/abdominal obesity, low serum vitamin D levels, osteopenia/osteoporosis, increased LDL-cholesterol, male sexual dysfunction, depressive symptoms, current and future mental health problems, and suboptimal health status. Therefore, it was possible to observe that the university lifestyle can negatively impact the health conditions of this population. In this regard, the present study points out the relevance of monitoring and the adoption of proactive health education measures by health authorities and educational institutions aimed at improving the quality of life of students.
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