Evaluación del papel del docente en la implementación de enfoques multiculturales y centrados en la persona en el proceso educativo de las instituciones de educación superior de Kirguistán
Resumen
En el contexto del aumento de la diversidad cultural y de la creciente demanda de una educación superior inclusiva, la implementación de enfoques multiculturales y centrados en la persona se ha vuelto cada vez más relevante para las universidades. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar los principales mecanismos relacionados con la implementación de enfoques multiculturales y centrados en la persona en la educación universitaria. El estudio busca responder a la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿qué roles y prácticas de los docentes universitarios contribuyen a la integración efectiva de los enfoques multicultural y centrado en la persona en el proceso educativo? A través del análisis de la experiencia pedagógica, de las prácticas educativas y de documentos normativos y metodológicos, se estudiaron las prácticas de desarrollo multicultural y centrado en la persona, utilizando la experiencia de Kirguistán como ejemplo. Se aplicó un enfoque de análisis cualitativo para identificar los principales roles pedagógicos y sus características funcionales. Los resultados del estudio identificaron cinco roles clave del docente en el proceso educativo: facilitador, orientador, moderador, tutor y formador. En el enfoque multicultural, estos roles se materializan mediante la integración de tradiciones nacionales, actividades multilingües y prácticas colaborativas, mientras que, en el enfoque centrado en la persona, favorecen el desarrollo de la creatividad, la iniciativa, la comunicación y las competencias prácticas del estudiantado. El estudio concluye que la combinación de los enfoques multicultural y centrado en la persona incrementa la participación de los estudiantes, favorece el desarrollo de competencias transversales y fortalece el papel pedagógico del docente en la educación superior. Los docentes universitarios pueden utilizar los resultados para desarrollar herramientas pedagógicas innovadoras, estrategias de enseñanza y programas de desarrollo profesional.
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