The rise of populisms and the democratic crisis: Challenges for the teaching of human and social sciences today
Abstract
The issue of democracy has always been on the horizon of educational debate, even though this debate is marked by numerous disagreements (Saviani, 2008). This issue becomes evident in the case of countries that have experienced discontinuities in their democratic experiences, marked by civil and military dictatorships, as in the cases of Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Portugal, and Spain, just to name a few Ibero-American examples. Furthermore, even in countries with a solid democratic tradition, the rise of authoritarian and antidemocratic movements has been observed, gaining increasing visibility and, in some cases, leading to the election of heads of state aligned with authoritarian populism. In this context, the human and social sciences take on a central role in the debate, considering their historical role in the school curriculum for critical formation within a democratic society project (Evans, 2011; Pagès & Santisteban, 2010; Sant & Brown, 2020; Oliveira, 2021).
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