Scientific pedagogy, brazilianship, and teacher training in the <i>capixaba</i> active school in sociability networks: panoramas of the wharf

Abstract

This study investigates sociability networks woven in the process of establishing the active school in Espírito Santo (1928-1930), which involved the capixaba Attilio Vivacqua, the Swiss Adolphe Ferrière, the Paulista Deodato de Moraes and the Carioca Garcia de Rezende. It uses as sources the publications of these authors, legislative documents, government reports and newspaper articles. At the intersection of these sources, four main axes of the educational reform in Espírito Santo are analyzed: the observance of universal parameters of the ‘one and true’ science (scientific rigor); the adaptation of the New School to local needs (social issue), avoiding the mere reproduction of imported models (idea of Brazilianness); the universality of scientific principles between the ‘national synthesis’ and the ‘patriotic-nationalist spirit’ (doctrinal bias); and the formation of teachers based on the ‘scientific pedagogy’ translated into the active school model. Ferrière lent the active school matrix to be developed in Espirito Santo for the educational reform investigated in networks of sociability. Vivacqua stood out for his political and administrative action; Moraes, for the scientific and pedagogical orientation; and Rezende for the diffusion and circulation work of the political-pedagogical project of the capixaba active school and the modernity ideal that moved it.