<b>The (dis) organization of primary education in the Vale do Paraíba in the state of São Paulo: from isolated schools and school groups (1893-1908)

Abstract

The article analyzed the organization of primary school in the Vale do Paraíba region in the state of São Paulo between 1893 and 1908, a period marked by the first republican actions for this educational segment. The main objective was to check for a differentiation between school groups and isolated schools in the region, regarding the material structure, the organization of teaching and the didactic-pedagogical activities of teachers, taking into account that these differences were legitimized by specialized literature. The sources were composed of reports and letters of directors of school groups, inspectors and teachers, as well as regional newspapers and the Anuário do Ensino do Estado de São Paulo de 1907/1908. We concluded that, unlike the dedicated interpretations of the theme, the location presented overlapping and mutual interference between these school models, especially by similarities revealed in everyday school life. This reality has raised possibilities of new perspectives on the composition of the primary school in their different contexts, assuming that school forms prior to the modern education paradigm - graduated, simultaneous and intuitive - not only resisted but found spaces for coexistence and confluence..